Shah Tapan A, Rogers Melissa B
Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Microbiology, Biochemistry, & Molecular Genetics, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
J Dev Biol. 2018 Jun 16;6(2):14. doi: 10.3390/jdb6020014.
Crosstalk between the BMP and TGF-β signaling pathways regulates many complex developmental processes from the earliest stages of embryogenesis throughout adult life. In many situations, the two signaling pathways act reciprocally. For example, TGF-β signaling is generally pro-fibrotic, whereas BMP signaling is anti-fibrotic and pro-calcific. Sex-specific differences occur in many diseases including cardiovascular pathologies. Differing ratios of fibrosis and calcification in stenotic valves suggests that BMP/TGF-β signaling may vary in men and women. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of the interplay between sex and BMP/TGF-β signaling and pose several unanswered questions.
骨形态发生蛋白（BMP）信号通路与转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）信号通路之间的相互作用调节着从胚胎发育最早阶段到成年期的许多复杂发育过程。在许多情况下，这两条信号通路相互作用。例如，TGF-β信号通路通常促进纤维化，而BMP信号通路则抑制纤维化并促进钙化。包括心血管疾病在内的许多疾病都存在性别特异性差异。狭窄瓣膜中纤维化和钙化比例的不同表明，BMP/TGF-β信号通路在男性和女性中可能存在差异。在这篇综述中，我们聚焦于目前对性别与BMP/TGF-β信号通路之间相互作用的理解，并提出了几个尚未解答的问题。
