Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Adv Appl Microbiol. 2018;103:143-221. doi: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2018.01.002. Epub 2018 Mar 16.
Anaerobic bacterial gas fermentation gains broad interest in various scientific, social, and industrial fields. This microbial process is carried out by a specific group of bacterial strains called acetogens. All these strains employ the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway but they belong to different taxonomic groups. Here we provide an overview of the metabolism of acetogens and naturally occurring products. Characteristics of 61 strains were summarized and selected acetogens described in detail. Acetobacterium woodii, Clostridium ljungdahlii, and Moorella thermoacetica serve as model organisms. Results of approaches such as genome-scale modeling, proteomics, and transcriptomics are discussed. Metabolic engineering of acetogens can be used to expand the product portfolio to platform chemicals and to study different aspects of cell physiology. Moreover, the fermentation of gases requires specific reactor configurations and the development of the respective technology, which can be used for an industrial application. Even though the overall process will have a positive effect on climate, since waste and greenhouse gases could be converted into commodity chemicals, some legislative barriers exist, which hamper successful exploitation of this technology.
厌氧细菌气体发酵在各个科学、社会和工业领域引起了广泛关注。这个微生物过程是由一组被称为产乙酸菌的特定细菌菌株进行的。所有这些菌株都采用伍德-吕恩达尔途径，但它们属于不同的分类群。在这里，我们提供了产乙酸菌代谢和天然产物的概述。总结了 61 株的特性，并详细描述了所选的产乙酸菌。木醋酸杆菌、Ljungdahliiclostridium 和热醋穆尔氏菌可用作模式生物。讨论了基于基因组规模建模、蛋白质组学和转录组学的方法的结果。产乙酸菌的代谢工程可用于扩展产品组合，以生产平台化学品，并研究细胞生理学的不同方面。此外，气体发酵需要特定的反应器配置和相应技术的开发，这可用于工业应用。尽管整个过程将对气候产生积极影响，因为废物和温室气体可以转化为商品化学品，但仍存在一些立法障碍，阻碍了这项技术的成功开发。
