Frisch S
Institut für Psychologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-W.-Adorno-Platz 6, 60629, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland.
Nervenarzt. 2019 Mar;90(3):299-305. doi: 10.1007/s00115-018-0554-9.
The life and works of neurologist and psychiatrist Kurt Goldstein (1878-1965) were almost forgotten for decades but have aroused increasing interest in recent years. Studies on Goldstein generally focus on his groundbreaking contributions to a holistic neurology, neuropsychology and neurorehabilitation; however, his contributions to the development of psychotherapy have received less attention. The present article reviews Goldstein's substantial input to the development of psychotherapy, and especially of humanistic psychotherapies. It is further shown how these contributions are rooted in Goldstein's observations on brain-damaged World War I veterans. From these observations Goldstein derived a holistic view of the organism as a system that embodies and constantly re-establishes an identity, thereby also defining the meaning of anxiety for human existence and drawing conclusions for the therapeutic relationship. It can therefore be argued that brain research impinged on the development of psychotherapy at an early stage, even though its research paradigm differed profoundly from that of present day reductionism.
神经学家兼精神科医生库尔特·戈德斯坦（1878 - 1965）的生平与著作在几十年间几乎被遗忘，但近年来引发了越来越多的关注。对戈德斯坦的研究通常聚焦于他对整体神经学、神经心理学和神经康复的开创性贡献；然而，他对心理治疗发展的贡献却较少受到关注。本文回顾了戈德斯坦对心理治疗尤其是人本主义心理治疗发展的重要贡献。还进一步展示了这些贡献如何源于戈德斯坦对一战脑损伤退伍军人的观察。从这些观察中，戈德斯坦得出了一种将有机体视为一个体现并不断重新确立身份的系统的整体观点，从而也界定了焦虑对人类存在的意义，并为治疗关系得出结论。因此可以说，尽管其研究范式与当今的还原论有很大不同，但脑研究在早期就对心理治疗的发展产生了影响。
