Candidate in the Social & Administrative Sciences Division at the University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy, Madison, USA.
Pharmacy Practice Division, at the University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy, Madison, USA.
Res Social Adm Pharm. 2022 Mar;18(3):2489-2494. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.04.014. Epub 2021 Apr 28.
The Pharmacists' Patient Care Process (PPCP) was developed to describe a consistent process in which pharmacists in any setting provide patient care. Faculty at a midwestern university developed and refined an assessment tool which provides an indirect approach to measure student confidence in performing skills essential to the PPCP. The objective of this paper is to conduct a stepwise factor analysis to refine the PPCP survey.
Assessing appropriateness of survey response data led to an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on student confidence data to refine the survey instrument and examine the underlying constructs that influence student responses. Post EFA, the results were presented to the research team that collaboratively reached consensus on inclusion or exclusion of items.
EFA factor loadings identified a 4-factor solution suggesting elimination of 30 items from the original 53 item survey. Team discussions led to eliminating 29 items, combining two items and generation of 5 new items in order to retain important concepts. The outcome was a well-conceptualized and refined 29 item-survey model assessing 4 constructs.
To potentially improve patient outcomes, it is imperative to utilize comprehensive yet concise survey instruments, like the PPCP Skills Self-Efficacy Survey, to prepare students to translate PPCP skills to practice.
药剂师患者护理流程（PPCP）旨在描述药剂师在任何环境中提供患者护理的一致流程。中西部一所大学的教师开发并完善了一种评估工具，该工具提供了一种间接方法来衡量学生对执行 PPCP 基本技能的信心。本文的目的是进行逐步的因素分析，以完善 PPCP 调查。
评估调查响应数据的适当性导致对学生信心数据进行探索性因素分析（EFA），以完善调查工具并检查影响学生响应的潜在结构。EFA 后，将结果提交给研究团队，团队共同协商决定是否纳入或排除项目。
EFA 因子负荷确定了 4 因素解决方案，表明从最初的 53 项调查中删除了 30 项。团队讨论导致删除了 29 项，合并了两项，并生成了 5 项新项，以保留重要概念。结果是一个概念完善、精炼的 29 项调查模型，评估了 4 个结构。
为了提高患者的治疗效果，必须使用全面而简洁的调查工具，如 PPCP 技能自我效能调查，来培养学生将 PPCP 技能转化为实践的能力。
