PhD Scholar, School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Additional Professor of Health Management, School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Indian J Public Health. 2018 Apr-Jun;62(2):128-132. doi: 10.4103/ijph.IJPH_442_16.
Second-hand smoke (SHS) has enormous adverse health impacts with grave health implications for the next generation. Section 4 of Indian legislation, Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act, prohibits smoking at public places, thus protecting people from SHS.
The objective of present study was to assess the exposure to SHS at home and working areas in Punjab, India.
The present cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2015 to March 2016. A three-stage sampling technique was used for collecting data from three randomly selected districts representing three major regions of Punjab, India. A sample size of 510 individuals was divided equally into an urban and rural area with proportionate sampling on the basis of subsets of age groups and gender. The questionnaire based on tobacco questions for the survey, a subset of key questions from global adult tobacco survey was used.
At home, the odds of exposure to SHS exposure was higher (odds ratio [OR] = 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.6-7.3) in urban area, females, low educational status, and nongovernment employee as compared to their counterparts. At workplace, (OR = 3.9 and 95% CI = 1.11-14.3) SHS exposure was higher in rural area, among males, primary and middle education and nongovernment or self-employed occupation.
SHS exposure was low in Punjab, India especially in females as compared to other states of the country. The socio-economic disadvantaged groups and people with low education were more likely to experience exposure to SHS at workplace, which should be targeted to reduce tobacco consumption.
二手烟（SHS）对健康有巨大的不良影响，对下一代的健康有严重影响。印度立法的第 4 节，即《香烟和其他烟草产品法案》，禁止在公共场所吸烟，从而保护人们免受 SHS 的侵害。
本研究的目的是评估印度旁遮普邦家庭和工作场所的 SHS 暴露情况。
本横断面研究于 2015 年 12 月至 2016 年 3 月进行。采用三阶段抽样技术，从印度旁遮普邦三个随机选择的地区收集数据，这三个地区代表了该邦的三个主要地区。根据年龄组和性别子集中的比例抽样，将 510 名个体样本均等分为城市和农村地区。调查问卷基于烟草调查问题，是全球成人烟草调查的关键问题子集。
在家中，与城市地区、女性、低教育程度和非政府雇员相比，接触 SHS 的几率更高（比值比 [OR] = 2.2，95%置信区间 [CI] = 0.6-7.3）。在工作场所，（OR = 3.9 和 95%CI = 1.11-14.3）在农村地区，男性、小学和中学教育以及非政府或自营职业的人接触 SHS 的几率更高。
与印度其他邦相比，旁遮普邦的 SHS 暴露水平较低，尤其是女性。社会经济弱势群体和受教育程度较低的人群在工作场所更容易接触 SHS，应针对这些人群采取措施减少烟草消费。
