Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; email:
INRA, Unité MaIAGE, 78352 Jouy en Josas, France; email:
Annu Rev Biochem. 2018 Jun 20;87:187-216. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-062917-012023.
How individual enzymes evolved is relatively well understood. However, individual enzymes rarely confer a physiological advantage on their own. Judging by its current state, the emergence of metabolism seemingly demanded the simultaneous emergence of many enzymes. Indeed, how multicomponent interlocked systems, like metabolic pathways, evolved is largely an open question. This complexity can be unlocked if we assume that survival of the fittest applies not only to genes and enzymes but also to the metabolites they produce. This review develops our current knowledge of enzyme evolution into a wider hypothesis of pathway and network evolution. We describe the current models for pathway evolution and offer an integrative metabolite-enzyme coevolution hypothesis. Our hypothesis addresses the origins of new metabolites and of new enzymes and the order of their recruitment. We aim to not only survey established knowledge but also present open questions and potential ways of addressing them.
单个酶的进化过程相对较为明晰。然而，单个酶很少能单独带来生理优势。从目前的情况来看，新陈代谢的出现似乎需要许多酶同时出现。事实上，多组分连锁系统（如代谢途径）的进化在很大程度上仍是一个悬而未决的问题。如果我们假设适者生存不仅适用于基因和酶，也适用于它们所产生的代谢物，那么这种复杂性就可以被破解。本综述将我们目前对酶进化的认识发展为更广泛的途径和网络进化假说。我们描述了目前的途径进化模型，并提出了一个综合的代谢物-酶协同进化假说。我们的假说涉及新代谢物和新酶的起源以及它们的招募顺序。我们的目标不仅是调查已有的知识，还提出了一些悬而未决的问题和潜在的解决方法。
