Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 22 Maizidian Street, Beijing 110000, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 May 15;624:1195-1201. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.238. Epub 2017 Dec 27.
Quantifying operator exposure to pesticides is a key component of the decision-making procedure for risk assessment. China is the largest cotton-planting country in the world. Dense cotton planting patterns and pesticide overuse potentially place Chinese cotton farmers at high levels of exposure risk. Using whole-body dosimetry during backpack spraying application in cotton filed, the present study monitored potential dermal and inhalation exposure to the insecticide imidacloprid. For forward spraying (when the operators walked forward), the total potential dermal and inhalation exposure was 2059mg/kg of active ingredient (ai), corresponding to 0.21% of the applied quantity of the insecticide. However, the total exposure of backward walking (188mg/kg of ai) was approximately 11 times lower than that of forward walking. The upper body parts (head, chest, back and arms) were the most exposed. The potential inhalation exposure contributed to <0.1% of the total exposure. The exposure risk to imidacloprid inherent in these agricultural procedures was evaluated by margin of exposure values and was found to be safe under the present cotton treatment scenarios. In general, similar body exposure and distribution between Allura Red and imidacloprid verify Allura Red's feasibility as an environmentally friendly pesticide surrogate for exposure assessment.
量化操作人员接触农药的情况是风险评估决策程序的一个关键组成部分。中国是世界上最大的棉花种植国。密集的棉花种植模式和农药的过度使用，可能使中国棉农面临高暴露风险。本研究在棉田进行背包喷雾应用时使用全身剂量计监测潜在的皮肤和吸入接触杀虫剂吡虫啉的情况。对于正向喷雾（当操作人员向前行走时），总潜在皮肤和吸入暴露量为 2059mg/kg 有效成分（ai），相当于杀虫剂施用量的 0.21%。然而，向后行走的总暴露量（188mg/kg ai）约为正向行走的 11 倍。上身部分（头部、胸部、背部和手臂）暴露最多。潜在的吸入暴露量对总暴露量的贡献<0.1%。通过暴露风险比评估了这些农业程序中吡虫啉固有的暴露风险，发现根据目前的棉花处理方案，其是安全的。总的来说，Allura Red 和吡虫啉之间相似的身体暴露和分布情况验证了 Allura Red 作为接触评估的环保型农药替代物的可行性。
