Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
J Environ Sci (China). 2015 Jan 1;27:139-46. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.07.018. Epub 2014 Nov 13.
In China, although improvements to the pesticide registration process have been made in last thirty years, no occupational exposure data are required to obtain a commercial license for a pesticide product. Consequently, notably little research has been conducted to establish an exposure assessment procedure in China. The present study monitored the potential dermal operator exposure from knapsack electric sprayer wheat field application of imidacloprid in Liaocheng City, Shandong Province and in Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China, using whole-body dosimetry. The potential inhalation exposure was determined using a personal air pump and XAD-2 sample tubes. The analytical method was developed and validated, including such performance parameters as limits of detection and quantification, linear range, recovery and precision. The total potential dermal and inhalation exposures were 14.20, 16.80, 15.39 and 20.78 mL/hr, respectively, for the four operators in Liaocheng and Xinxiang, corresponding to 0.02% to 0.03% of the applied volume of spray solution. In all trials, the lower part (thigh, lower leg) of the body was the most contaminated, accounting for approximately 76% to 88% of the total exposure. The inhalation exposure was less than 1% of the total exposure. Such factors as the application pattern, crop type, spray equipment, operator experience and climatic conditions have been used to explain the exposure distribution over the different parts of the body. As indicated by the calculated Margin of Exposure, the typical wheat treatment scenarios when a backpack sprayer was used are considered to be safe in terms of imidacloprid exposure.
在中国，尽管过去三十年农药登记程序有所改进，但获得农药产品商业许可证并不需要职业暴露数据。因此，中国几乎没有开展建立暴露评估程序的研究。本研究采用全身剂量计监测了背负式电动喷雾器在山东省聊城市和河南省新乡市麦田施药过程中操作人员的潜在皮肤接触暴露，使用个人空气泵和 XAD-2 采样管监测潜在的吸入暴露。开发并验证了分析方法，包括检测限和定量限、线性范围、回收率和精密度等性能参数。四名操作人员在聊城市和新乡市的总潜在皮肤接触和吸入暴露分别为 14.20、16.80、15.39 和 20.78mL/hr，分别占施药溶液应用体积的 0.02%至 0.03%。在所有试验中，身体的下部（大腿、小腿）是污染最严重的部位，约占总暴露量的 76%至 88%。吸入暴露小于总暴露量的 1%。应用模式、作物类型、喷雾设备、操作人员经验和气候条件等因素都被用来解释身体不同部位的暴露分布情况。根据计算出的暴露量边际值，当使用背负式喷雾器进行典型的小麦处理时，根据氯吡虫啉的暴露情况，被认为是安全的。
