Fiske Elizabeth
Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina.
Adv Neonatal Care. 2018 Aug;18(4):276-284. doi: 10.1097/ANC.0000000000000514.
Working in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) can be both rewarding and stressful. Stressors can outweigh satisfiers, leading to job dissatisfaction and turnover. Nurse retention remains a problem, particularly for nurses within the first year of employment.
The purpose of this study was to examine current nurse stressors, satisfiers, and coping processes in the NICU.
Seventy-two neonatal nurses from 3 Magnet facilities in North Carolina completed the ICU Stressors Survey, the Ways of Coping Scale, demographic data questions, and free-text questions in Qualtrics, a secure online survey system. Questionnaires were analyzed using protocols developed and validated by instrument developers, and quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Free-text responses were analyzed using iterative coding and thematic grouping.
Most nurses thought that NICU nursing was stressful, but they coped well with work stress. Nurses felt confident in their knowledge and patient care abilities and were not stressed by the NICU environment. Inadequate staffing was the most common stressor. Coping strategies were aimed at task completion. Nurses wanted better teamwork on their units. Nurses felt more respected by their peers and families than by their immediate supervisors and physicians.
Attention to staffing patterns is paramount. Team-building activities may help foster mutual respect and collegiality among the nursing staff and between disciplines. Research investigating creative staffing patterns would be helpful. Interprofessional research may also reduce stressors and enhance team performance.
在新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）工作既有益又有压力。压力源可能超过满足因素，导致工作不满意和人员流动。护士留用仍然是一个问题，特别是对于入职第一年的护士。
本研究的目的是调查NICU当前护士的压力源、满足因素和应对过程。
来自北卡罗来纳州3家磁石医院的72名新生儿护士在一个安全的在线调查系统Qualtrics中完成了ICU压力源调查、应对方式量表、人口统计学数据问题和自由文本问题。问卷采用由工具开发者制定并验证的方案进行分析，定量数据使用SPSS统计软件进行分析。自由文本回复采用迭代编码和主题分组进行分析。
大多数护士认为NICU护理工作压力大，但他们能很好地应对工作压力。护士对自己的知识和患者护理能力有信心，并且不受NICU环境的压力影响。人员配备不足是最常见的压力源。应对策略旨在完成任务。护士希望所在科室有更好的团队合作。护士感觉同事和家属比直属上级和医生更尊重自己。
关注人员配备模式至关重要。团队建设活动可能有助于促进护理人员之间以及不同学科之间的相互尊重和合作。研究创新性的人员配备模式会有所帮助。跨专业研究也可能减少压力源并提高团队绩效。
