Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City.
Economics Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2018 Jul 13;61(7):1649-1663. doi: 10.1044/2018_JSLHR-S-17-0353.
The purpose of this study was to quantify relationships between stuttering and labor market outcomes, determine if outcomes differ by gender, and explain the earnings difference between people who stutter and people who do not stutter.
Survey and interview data were obtained from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Of the 13,564 respondents who completed 4 waves of surveys over 14 years and answered questions about stuttering, 261 people indicated that they stutter. Regression analysis, propensity score matching, and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition were used.
After controlling for numerous variables related to demographics and comorbidity, the deficit in earnings associated with stuttering exceeded $7,000. Differences in observable characteristics between people who stutter and people who do not stutter (e.g., education, occupation, self-perception, hours worked) accounted for most of the earnings gap for males but relatively little for females. Females who stutter were also 23% more likely to be underemployed than females who do not stutter.
Stuttering was associated with reduced earnings and other gender-specific disadvantages in the labor market. Preliminary evidence indicates that discrimination may have contributed to the earnings gap associated with stuttering, particularly for females.
本研究旨在量化口吃与劳动力市场结果之间的关系，确定性别差异是否存在，并解释口吃者和非口吃者之间的收入差异。
本研究的数据来自青少年至成人健康纵向研究，通过对 13564 名完成了 14 年 4 次调查并回答了口吃问题的受访者进行调查和访谈，其中 261 人表示自己口吃。研究使用了回归分析、倾向评分匹配和 Blinder-Oaxaca 分解。
在控制了与人口统计学和合并症相关的许多变量后，口吃相关的收入不足超过 7000 美元。口吃者和非口吃者之间在可观察特征上的差异（例如教育程度、职业、自我认知、工作时间）解释了男性收入差距的大部分，但对女性的解释相对较少。口吃的女性也比非口吃的女性更有可能就业不足，比例为 23%。
口吃与劳动力市场中收入减少和其他性别特定的劣势有关。初步证据表明，歧视可能导致了与口吃相关的收入差距，特别是对女性而言。
