Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Jun 21;19(7):1823. doi: 10.3390/ijms19071823.
Hyperglycemia significantly contributes to the development and progression of metabolic diseases. Managing postprandial blood glucose fluctuations is of particular importance for patients with hyperglycemia, but safe and effective means of reducing blood glucose levels are still lacking. Five diets with varying macronutrient ratios and omega-3 fatty acid amounts were tested for their blood glucose-lowering effects in male C57BL/6J mice. The diets with potent blood glucose-lowering effects were further investigated for their underlying mechanisms and their beneficial effects on hyperglycemia models. Mice given the low-carbohydrate, high-protein, and high-omega-3 (LCHP+3) diet exhibited a rapid reduction of the blood glucose levels that remained consistently low, regardless of feeding. These effects were associated with reduced amino acid gluconeogenesis, due to the inhibition of hepatic alanine transaminase (ALT). Furthermore, the LCHP+3 intervention was effective in reducing the blood glucose levels in several disease conditions, including type 1 diabetes mellitus, hormone-induced hyperglycemia, and diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Our findings identify the LCHP+3 diet as a potent blood glucose-lowering diet that suppresses postprandial blood glucose fluctuations through the inhibition of gluconeogenesis and may have great clinical utility for the management of metabolic diseases with hyperglycemia.
高血糖显著促进代谢性疾病的发生和发展。对于高血糖患者，管理餐后血糖波动尤为重要，但仍缺乏安全有效的降血糖方法。本研究测试了 5 种不同宏量营养素比例和 ω-3 脂肪酸含量的饮食对雄性 C57BL/6J 小鼠的降血糖作用。对具有显著降血糖作用的饮食进行了进一步研究，以探讨其潜在机制及其对高血糖模型的有益作用。给予低碳水化合物、高蛋白和高 ω-3（LCHP+3）饮食的小鼠血糖迅速降低，且无论是否进食，血糖始终保持较低水平。这些作用与由于抑制肝丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）而减少的氨基酸糖异生有关。此外，LCHP+3 干预在包括 1 型糖尿病、激素诱导的高血糖和饮食诱导的代谢综合征在内的几种疾病状态下均能有效降低血糖水平。我们的研究结果表明，LCHP+3 饮食是一种有效的降血糖饮食，通过抑制糖异生来抑制餐后血糖波动，对于伴有高血糖的代谢性疾病的治疗可能具有重要的临床应用价值。
