Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2018 Dec;53:76-82. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.06.002. Epub 2018 Jun 21.
Dendritic spines are the postsynaptic sites of most excitatory synapses in the cerebral cortex. Their morphology and density change throughout life, reflecting the maturation and reorganization of excitatory circuits. The development of in vivo two-photon microscopy has enabled the monitoring of the same dendritic spines over time during different developmental periods. In this review we focus on recent in vivo imaging studies in rodents that have revealed cell type-specific and region-specific structural dynamics of dendritic spines. We also discuss how the contributions of local inhibitory neurons and long-distance excitatory and neuromodulatory inputs to the cortex influence dendritic spine development and dynamics. Such studies will facilitate our understanding of how environmental factors and experiences affect cortical synapse development.
树突棘是大脑皮层中大多数兴奋性突触的后突触位点。它们的形态和密度在整个生命过程中发生变化，反映了兴奋性回路的成熟和重组。体内双光子显微镜的发展使得能够在不同发育阶段期间随时间监测相同的树突棘。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了最近在啮齿动物中进行的体内成像研究，这些研究揭示了树突棘的细胞类型特异性和区域特异性结构动力学。我们还讨论了局部抑制性神经元以及远距离兴奋性和神经调质输入对皮层的影响如何影响树突棘的发育和动力学。这些研究将有助于我们了解环境因素和经验如何影响皮质突触的发育。
