Wong Aekyeong, Lee Hong-Seock, Lee Heung-Pyo, Choi Yun-Kyeung, Lee Jae-Ho
Posttraumatic Growth Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Psychology, Daegu Cyber University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Psychiatry Investig. 2018 Jun;15(6):613-619. doi: 10.30773/pi.2017.12.03. Epub 2018 Jun 21.
The definition of psychological trauma, which was traditionally restricted to immediate and direct experience, is now expanding to include mediated or vicarious experience. So the present study aims to examine the relationship between the negative effects and the positive outcomes to a national disaster by assessing the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and posttraumatic growth of the general public.
A nationwide survey of the Korean population (n=811) who were exposed to the Sewol ferry disaster through the media participated in this research, completing a self-report questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics, Impact of Event Scale-Revised- Korean, and Korean-Stress-related Growth Scale-Revised. The participants were divided into three groups according to the severity of PTSD symptoms, then one-way ANOVA were conducted.
The results revealed 30.4% of the sampled participants reported stress symptoms equivalent to partial or full PTSD. Posttraumatic growth was significantly higher in the full and the partial PTSD symptom groups when compared to the normal group [F (2, 759)=20.534, p<0.001]. At a subscale level, mature thinking showed a more significant result [F (2,759)=23.146, p<0.001] than religious growth [F (2, 180.984)=4.811, p<0.01].
The results indicated a general linear trend between the severity of PTSD symptoms and posttraumatic growth level, suggesting that indirect trauma also induces both PTSD symptoms and posttraumatic growth like direct trauma does. The theoretical implications based on these findings were discussed.
心理创伤的定义传统上局限于直接的亲身经历，现在正扩展到包括间接或替代性经历。因此，本研究旨在通过评估普通大众的创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状和创伤后成长，来检验一场全国性灾难的负面影响和积极结果之间的关系。
对811名通过媒体接触到世越号渡轮灾难的韩国民众进行了一项全国性调查，他们参与了这项研究，完成了一份自我报告问卷，该问卷包括人口统计学特征、事件影响量表修订版 - 韩语版以及韩国压力相关成长量表修订版。参与者根据PTSD症状的严重程度分为三组，然后进行单因素方差分析。
结果显示，30.4%的抽样参与者报告的压力症状相当于部分或完全PTSD。与正常组相比，完全和部分PTSD症状组的创伤后成长显著更高[F(2, 759)=20.534, p<0.001]。在子量表水平上，成熟思维的结果[F(2,759)=23.146, p<0.001]比宗教成长的结果[F(2, 180.984)=4.811, p<0.01]更显著。
结果表明PTSD症状的严重程度与创伤后成长水平之间存在一般线性趋势，这表明间接创伤也像直接创伤一样会引发PTSD症状和创伤后成长。基于这些发现的理论意义进行了讨论。
