Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka.
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka.
Environ Health Prev Med. 2018 Jun 26;23(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s12199-018-0716-1.
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor insecticides (AChEIIs) were used extensively in the agrarian region of Anuradhapura for the past few decades. As a result, the region faced a heightened risk of toxicity. Carbaryl, carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, and fenthion were the five hazardous AChEIIs banned from Anuradhapura in 2014. Assessment of post-ban trends in acute poisoning will reveal the impact of the ban. Data on availability and sales of remaining AChEIIs will guide towards preventive measures against related toxicities.
Cross-sectional surveys were conducted at Anuradhapura district of Sri Lanka. Details related to acute AChEII poisoning were sorted from the Teaching Hospital Anuradhapura. Main insecticide vendors in Anuradhapura were surveyed to find information on availability and sales of AChEIIs. Chi-square for goodness of fit was performed for trends in acute poisoning and sales.
Hospital admissions related to acute AChEII poisoning have declined from 554 in 2013 to 272 in 2017. Deaths related to acute AChEII poisoning have declined from 27 in 2013 to 13 in 2017. Sales of all five banned AChEIIs had reduced by 100%. Sales of the remaining AChEIIs were declining, except for acephate, phenthoate, and profenofos. However, one of the top selling, most frequently abused carbosulfan, had the highest risk of toxicity. Chi-square for goodness of fit showed a significance (P < 0.001) between the trends of hospital admissions for acute AChEII poisoning and the sales related to AChEIIs.
Hospital admissions related to acute poisoning was declining along with the overall sales of remaining AChEIIs, during the post-AChEII ban period. Nevertheless, future vigilance is needed on the remaining AChEIIs to predict and prevent related toxicities.
在过去几十年中，阿努拉达普拉的农业地区广泛使用乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂杀虫剂（AChEII）。因此，该地区面临着更高的毒性风险。2014 年，卡巴呋喃、呋喃丹、毒死蜱、乐果和倍硫磷等五种危险的 AChEII 已被禁止在阿努拉达普拉使用。评估禁令后急性中毒的趋势将揭示禁令的影响。有关剩余 AChEII 的供应和销售数据将为预防相关毒性提供指导。
在斯里兰卡的阿努拉达普拉地区进行了横断面调查。从阿努拉达普拉教学医院中整理出与急性 AChEII 中毒相关的详细信息。对阿努拉达普拉的主要杀虫剂供应商进行了调查，以获取有关 AChEII 供应和销售的信息。卡方拟合优度检验用于分析急性中毒和销售趋势。
与急性 AChEII 中毒相关的医院入院人数从 2013 年的 554 人下降到 2017 年的 272 人。与急性 AChEII 中毒相关的死亡人数从 2013 年的 27 人下降到 2017 年的 13 人。所有五种被禁 AChEII 的销售额均下降了 100%。除了乙酰甲胺磷、苯硫磷和丙溴磷外，其余 AChEII 的销售额呈下降趋势。然而，销售排名最高、滥用最频繁的毒壤硫磷的毒性风险最高。卡方拟合优度检验显示，急性 AChEII 中毒住院人数趋势与 AChEII 相关销售之间存在显著差异（P<0.001）。
在 AChEII 禁令实施期间，与急性中毒相关的医院入院人数随着剩余 AChEII 总体销售额的下降而下降。然而，仍需对剩余的 AChEII 保持警惕，以预测和预防相关毒性。
