Creatine supplementation does not alter the creatine kinase response to eccentric exercise in healthy adults on atorvastatin.

BACKGROUND

Serum creatine kinase (CK) levels are higher after eccentric, muscle-damaging exercise in statin-treated patients. This could contribute to the increased statin-associated muscle symptoms reported in physically active individuals.

OBJECTIVE

We tested the hypothesis in this pilot study that creatine (Cr) monohydrate supplementation would reduce the CK response to eccentric exercise in patients using statins to determine if Cr supplementation could be a strategy to mitigate statin-associated muscle symptoms in physically active individuals.

METHODS

Healthy, nonsmoking men (n = 5) and women (n = 14) were randomized to Cr monohydrate = atorvastatin 80 mg + 10 g Cr monohydrate (n = 10, age = 60 ± 7 years) or to placebo (PL) = atorvastatin 80 mg + PL (n = 9, age = 52 ± 6 years). After 4 weeks of treatment, subjects performed 45 minutes of eccentric exercise (downhill walking at a -15% grade). Serum CK levels, muscle soreness (visual analog scale after two squats), and muscle pain severity and interference (using the brief pain inventory) were measured before and after 4 weeks of treatment, and then for 4 consecutive days after downhill walking. Vitamin D, or serum 25(OH)D, was also measured at baseline.

RESULTS

The PL group was younger (P = .01) but not otherwise different in blood lipids, vitamin D, CK, muscle visual analog scale, and pain scores before (all P > .21) or after (all P > .12) treatment. CK increased in all subjects after downhill walking (P < .01), but neither the relative peak change (expressed as group mean difference with 95% confidence intervals: 43.52% [-196.41, 283.45]) nor the absolute peak change (67.38 U/L [-121.55, 256.31]) relative to baseline was different between groups (P = .46 and .71, respectively). A similar lack of treatment effect was observed for muscle soreness (11.03 mm [-9.49, 31.55]), pain severity (0.77 pts [-0.95, 2.50]), and pain interference (1.02 pts [-1.25, 3.29]) with P-values for group comparisons = 0.27, 0.36, and 0.35, respectively. However, subjects with "insufficient" Vitamin D < 30 ng/mL (n = 10) had an ∼2-fold greater CK increase with eccentric exercise (nominal P-value = .04) than subjects with higher vitamin D levels.

CONCLUSION

Cr monohydrate did not reduce CK increases after exercise in statin-treated subjects. We did observe that low vitamin D levels are associated with a greater CK response to eccentric exercise in statin-treated subjects.