Ishiwata Toshiyuki, Matsuda Yoko, Yoshimura Hisashi, Sasaki Norihiko, Ishiwata Shunji, Ishikawa Naoshi, Takubo Kaiyo, Arai Tomio, Aida Junko
Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
Pathol Oncol Res. 2018 Oct;24(4):797-805. doi: 10.1007/s12253-018-0420-x. Epub 2018 Jun 8.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with a high incidence of distant metastasis and recurrence. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are pluripotent, self-renewable, and capable of forming tumors, contribute to PDAC initiation and metastasis and are responsible for resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. Three types of experimental methods are commonly used to identify CSCs: CSC-specific marker detection, a sphere-formation assay that reveals cell proliferation under non-adherent conditions, and detection of side-population (SP) cells that possess high intracellular-to-extracellular pump functions. Several CSC-specific markers have been reported in PDACs, including CD133, CD24, CD44, CXCR4, EpCAM, ABCG2, c-Met, ALDH-1, and nestin. There remains controversy regarding which markers are specific to PDAC CSCs and which are expressed alone or in combination in CSCs. Examining characteristics of isolated CSCs and discovering CSC-specific treatment options are important to improve the prognosis of PDAC cases. This review summarizes CSC-detection methods for PDAC, including CSC-marker detection, the sphere-formation assay, and detection of SP cells.
胰腺导管腺癌（PDAC）是一种侵袭性恶性肿瘤，远处转移和复发的发生率很高。癌症干细胞（CSCs）具有多能性、自我更新能力且能够形成肿瘤，它们促成了PDAC的起始和转移，并导致对化疗和放疗的抗性。通常使用三种实验方法来鉴定CSCs：CSC特异性标志物检测、揭示非贴壁条件下细胞增殖的成球试验，以及检测具有高细胞内到细胞外泵功能的侧群（SP）细胞。在PDAC中已报道了几种CSC特异性标志物，包括CD133、CD24、CD44、CXCR4、EpCAM、ABCG2、c-Met、ALDH-1和巢蛋白。关于哪些标志物是PDAC CSCs特有的，以及哪些在CSCs中单独表达或联合表达，仍存在争议。研究分离出的CSCs的特性并发现CSC特异性治疗方案对于改善PDAC病例的预后很重要。本综述总结了PDAC的CSC检测方法，包括CSC标志物检测、成球试验和SP细胞检测。
