Division of Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell & Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2019 Jan;11(1):e1427. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1427. Epub 2018 Jun 27.
Pioneer transcription factors play a primary role in establishing competence for gene expression and initiating cellular programming and reprogramming, and their dysregulation causes severe effects on human health, such as promoting tumorigenesis. Although more than 200 transcription factors are expressed in each cell type, only a small number of transcription factors are necessary to elicit dramatic cell-fate changes in embryonic development and cell-fate conversion. Among these key transcription factors, a subset called "pioneer transcription factors" have a remarkable ability to target nucleosomal DNA, or closed chromatin, early in development, often leading to the local opening of chromatin, thereby establishing competence for gene expression. Although more key transcription factors have been identified as pioneer transcription factors, the molecular mechanisms behind their special properties are only beginning to be revealed. Understanding the pioneering mechanisms will enhance our ability to precisely control cell fate at will for research and therapeutic purposes. This article is categorized under: Biological Mechanisms > Cell Fates Biological Mechanisms > Regulatory Biology Developmental Biology > Lineages.
先驱转录因子在建立基因表达的能力和启动细胞编程和重编程方面发挥着主要作用，它们的失调对人类健康有严重影响，如促进肿瘤发生。尽管在每种细胞类型中都表达了 200 多种转录因子，但只有少数转录因子对于胚胎发育和细胞命运转换中的戏剧性细胞命运变化是必要的。在这些关键转录因子中，有一小部分被称为“先驱转录因子”，它们具有在早期发育中靶向核小体 DNA 或封闭染色质的显著能力，通常导致染色质的局部打开，从而建立基因表达的能力。尽管已经确定了更多的关键转录因子作为先驱转录因子，但它们特殊性质背后的分子机制才刚刚开始被揭示。理解先驱机制将提高我们在研究和治疗目的下随意精确控制细胞命运的能力。本文归类于： 生物学机制 > 细胞命运 生物学机制 > 调控生物学 发育生物学 > 谱系。
