School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
J Cell Physiol. 2018 Jan;234(1):192-213. doi: 10.1002/jcp.26837. Epub 2018 Jun 28.
Bone is a multifaceted dynamic tissue, involved in mobility, mineral metabolism, and mesenchymal or stromal and hematopoietic progenitor or stem cells breading. Recently, an endocrine role has been attributed to bone due to its ability to produce at least two hormones (osteocalcin and fibroblast growth factor 23) and to participate directly or indirectly in leptin, insulin, estrogens, and serotonin signaling; regulation; and action. Also, bearing in mind the enormous amounts of substances secreted by the different bone marrow cell types, it becomes understandable the contribution of bone tissue to systemic homeostasis. Besides, bone is a well-known estrogen-responsive tissue, reacting to environmental influences. Thus, it has been coined as a critical target of environmental xenoestrogens, known as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The exposure to EDCs results to disruption or imbalance of the systemic hormonal regulation of the skeleton including bone modeling and remodeling, local hormones, and cytokine or chemokine release. The present report highlights the harmful EDCs effects on bone tissue and provides up-to-date information of xenoestrogen action on proliferation, maturation, and homing of bone marrow inhabitants.
骨骼是一种具有多方面功能的动态组织，参与运动、矿物质代谢以及间充质或基质以及造血祖细胞或干细胞的繁殖。最近，由于骨骼具有产生至少两种激素（骨钙素和成纤维细胞生长因子 23）的能力，并直接或间接参与瘦素、胰岛素、雌激素和 5-羟色胺信号转导、调节和作用，因此被认为具有内分泌功能。此外，考虑到不同骨髓细胞类型分泌的大量物质，骨骼组织对全身内环境稳态的贡献就变得可以理解了。此外，骨骼是一种众所周知的雌激素反应性组织，对环境影响有反应。因此，它被称为环境雌激素的关键靶标，也被称为内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs）。EDCs 的暴露会破坏或破坏骨骼的全身激素调节，包括骨建模和重塑、局部激素以及细胞因子或趋化因子的释放。本报告重点介绍了有害 EDC 对骨骼组织的影响，并提供了关于外源性雌激素对骨髓居民增殖、成熟和归巢作用的最新信息。
