DFG Research Unit Person Perception, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany.
Department of Social, Environmental, and Economic Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2018 Jul 13;61(7):1560-1578. doi: 10.1044/2018_JSLHR-S-17-0125.
This study aims to give an integrative answer on which speech stereotypes exist toward German gay and straight men, whether and how acoustic correlates of actual and perceived sexual orientation are connected, and how this relates to masculinity/femininity. Hence, it tests speech stereotype accuracy in the context of sexual orientation.
Twenty-five gay and 26 straight German speakers provided data for a fine-grained psychological self-assessment (e.g., masculinity/femininity) and explicit speech stereotypes. They were recorded for an extensive set of read and spontaneous speech samples using microphones and nasometry. Recordings were analyzed for a variety of acoustic parameters (e.g., fundamental frequency and nasalance). Seventy-four listeners categorized speakers as gay or straight on the basis of the same sentence.
Most relevant explicitly expressed speech stereotypes encompass voice pitch, nasality, chromaticity, and smoothness. Demonstrating implicit stereotypes, speakers were perceived as sounding straighter, the lower their median f0, center of gravity in /s/, and mean F2. However, based on actual sexual orientation, straight men only showed lower mean F1 than gay men. Additionally, we found evidence that actual masculinity/femininity and the degree of sexual orientation were reflected in gay and straight men's speech.
Implicit and explicit speech stereotypes about gay and straight men do not contain a kernel of truth, and differences within groups are more important than differences between them.
本研究旨在综合回答德语同性恋和异性恋男性存在哪些言语刻板印象，实际和感知的性取向的声学特征是否以及如何相关，以及这与男性气质/女性气质有何关系。因此，它在性取向的背景下测试言语刻板印象的准确性。
25 名同性恋和 26 名异性恋德国说话者提供了精细的心理自我评估（例如，男性气质/女性气质）和明确的言语刻板印象的数据。他们使用麦克风和鼻音计录制了大量的朗读和自然语言样本。记录分析了各种声学参数（例如，基频和鼻音）。74 名听众根据同一句子将说话者分类为同性恋或异性恋。
最相关的明确表达的言语刻板印象包括语音音高、鼻音、色度和平滑度。表现出隐性刻板印象的说话者被认为听起来更直，他们的中值 f0、/s/的重心和平均 F2 越低。然而，根据实际的性取向，直男人的平均 F1 仅低于同性恋者。此外，我们发现证据表明，实际的男性气质/女性气质和性取向的程度反映在同性恋和异性恋男性的言语中。
关于同性恋和异性恋男性的隐性和显性言语刻板印象没有任何真实性，群体内部的差异比群体之间的差异更重要。
