Zhang Liang, Gao Zhuying, Yu Li, Zhang Bo, Wang Jing, Zhou Jun
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
Medical research institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
J Fish Dis. 2018 Sep;41(9):1317-1330. doi: 10.1111/jfd.12841. Epub 2018 Jun 29.
Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are a group of intracellular pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) that play key roles in pathogen recognition and subsequent activation of innate immune signalling pathways. Expressions of several NLR subfamily members, including NOD1, NOD2, NLR-C3, NLR-C5 and NLR-X1 have been reported in many different teleost fish species. These receptors are activated by a variety of ligands, including lipopolysaccharides (LPS), peptidoglycans (PGN) and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [Poly(I:C)]. Synthetic dsRNA and bacterial or viral infections are known to stimulate these receptors both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we focus on the identification, expression and function of teleost NLRs in response to bacterial or viral pathogens. Additionally, NLR ligand specificity and signalling pathways involved in the recognition of bacterial or viral stimuli are also summarized. This review focuses on current knowledge in this area and provides future perspectives regarding topics in need of additional investigation. Understanding the response of innate immune system to bacterial or viral infections in diverse species could inform the development of more effective therapies and vaccines.
核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域（NOD）样受体（NLRs）是一类细胞内病原体识别受体（PRRs），在病原体识别以及随后的固有免疫信号通路激活中发挥关键作用。在许多不同的硬骨鱼类中，已报道了包括NOD1、NOD2、NLR - C3、NLR - C5和NLR - X1在内的几种NLR亚家族成员的表达情况。这些受体可被多种配体激活，包括脂多糖（LPS）、肽聚糖（PGN）和聚肌苷酸 - 聚胞苷酸[Poly（I：C）]。已知合成双链RNA以及细菌或病毒感染在体外和体内均可刺激这些受体。在本综述中，我们重点关注硬骨鱼NLRs在应对细菌或病毒病原体时的鉴定、表达和功能。此外，还总结了NLR配体特异性以及参与识别细菌或病毒刺激的信号通路。本综述聚焦于该领域的现有知识，并就需要进一步研究的主题提供了未来展望。了解不同物种固有免疫系统对细菌或病毒感染的反应可为开发更有效的治疗方法和疫苗提供参考。
