College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, China.
College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, 271018, China.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2018 Aug;129:421-428. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.06.028. Epub 2018 Jun 20.
The petals of Rosa rugosa are generally pink and purple, never yellow. Although new varieties of R. rugosa have been bred, no yellow variety has ever been obtained. Therefore, the use of roses in garden settings has been restricted. Three R. rugosa hybrid cultivars (R. rugosa 'Miaoyu', 'Rudiepianpian' and 'Jiaomeisanbian') were bred in our laboratory using wild R. rugosa 'Hunchun' as the female parent and Rosa xanthina as the male parent. The petals of these cultivars appear yellow, at least in part; thus, these cultivars represent the first R. rugosa with yellow flowers. To investigate the causes of this yellow petal color, the petals of these materials were studied at both the physiological and molecular levels. Anthocyanins are the most important chromogenic substances in plants. In this study, six types of anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (Cy3G), cyanidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside (Cy3G5G), pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside (Pg3G), pelargonidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside (Pg3G5G), peonidin-3-O-glucoside (Pn3G) and peonidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside (Pn3G5G), were analyzed in the petals of the new R. rugosa cultivars and their parents. All of the above anthocyanins were found in the petals of 'Hunchun', and a small amount of Cy3G5G was present in 'Miaoyu' and 'Jiaomeisanbian', but no anthocyanins were found in R. xanthina or 'Rudiepianpian'. Moreover, the expression levels of seven structural genes (RrCHS, RrCHI, RrF3H, RrFLS, RrF3'H, RrDFR and RrANS) in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway were quantitatively analyzed via qRT-PCR. We concluded that RrFLS, RrDFR and RrF3'H are the key genes controlling petal color in these different rose varieties.
玫瑰的花瓣通常为粉色和紫色，从不呈黄色。尽管已经培育出了一些新的玫瑰品种，但从未获得过黄色品种。因此，在园林设置中使用玫瑰受到了限制。我们实验室用野生玫瑰‘珲春’作为母本，黄刺玫作为父本，培育出了三个玫瑰杂交品种（玫瑰‘妙语’、‘ rudiepianpian’和‘娇美三色变’）。这些品种的花瓣至少部分呈现黄色；因此，这些品种代表了第一个具有黄色花朵的玫瑰。为了研究这种黄色花瓣颜色的原因，我们从生理和分子水平研究了这些材料的花瓣。类黄酮是植物中最重要的显色物质。在这项研究中，分析了这些新材料花瓣中的 6 种类黄酮，包括矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷（Cy3G）、矢车菊素-3,5-二-O-葡萄糖苷（Cy3G5G）、天竺葵素-3-O-葡萄糖苷（Pg3G）、天竺葵素-3,5-二-O-葡萄糖苷（Pg3G5G）、芍药素-3-O-葡萄糖苷（Pn3G）和芍药素-3,5-二-O-葡萄糖苷（Pn3G5G）。所有这些类黄酮都存在于‘珲春’的花瓣中，而‘妙语’和‘娇美三色变’中存在少量的 Cy3G5G，但在黄刺玫或‘ rudiepianpian’中没有发现类黄酮。此外，通过 qRT-PCR 对类黄酮生物合成途径中的 7 个结构基因（RrCHS、RrCHI、RrF3H、RrFLS、RrF3'H、RrDFR 和 RrANS）的表达水平进行了定量分析。我们得出结论，RrFLS、RrDFR 和 RrF3'H 是控制这些不同玫瑰品种花瓣颜色的关键基因。
