State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, RM6102, New Research Building, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, 100021, Beijing, China.
Mil Med Res. 2018 Jun 30;5(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s40779-018-0167-4.
With the development of radiotherapeutic oncology, computer technology and medical imaging technology, radiation therapy has made great progress. Research on the impact and the specific mechanism of radiation on tumors has become a central topic in cancer therapy. According to the traditional view, radiation can directly affect the structure of the DNA double helix, which in turn activates DNA damage sensors to induce apoptosis, necrosis, and aging or affects normal mitosis events and ultimately rewires various biological characteristics of neoplasm cells. In addition, irradiation damages subcellular structures, such as the cytoplasmic membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, mitochondria, and lysosome of cancer cells to regulate various biological activities of tumor cells. Recent studies have shown that radiation can also change the tumor cell phenotype, immunogenicity and microenvironment, thereby globally altering the biological behavior of cancer cells. In this review, we focus on the effects of therapeutic radiation on the biological features of tumor cells to provide a theoretical basis for combinational therapy and inaugurate a new era in oncology.
随着放射肿瘤学、计算机技术和医学影像学的发展，放射治疗取得了巨大的进步。对辐射对肿瘤的影响和具体机制的研究已成为癌症治疗的中心课题。根据传统观点，辐射可以直接影响 DNA 双螺旋结构，进而激活 DNA 损伤传感器，诱导细胞凋亡、坏死和衰老，或影响正常的有丝分裂事件，最终重排肿瘤细胞的各种生物学特征。此外，照射还会损伤细胞的亚细胞结构，如细胞质膜、内质网、核糖体、线粒体和溶酶体，从而调节肿瘤细胞的各种生物学活性。最近的研究表明，辐射还可以改变肿瘤细胞的表型、免疫原性和微环境，从而全面改变癌细胞的生物学行为。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注治疗性辐射对肿瘤细胞生物学特征的影响，为联合治疗提供理论依据，并开创肿瘤学的新纪元。
