Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161.
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Jul 17;115(29):7599-7604. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1803791115. Epub 2018 Jun 29.
When individuals select the recently studied (and familiar) item in a multiple-choice memory test, they direct a greater proportion of viewing time toward the to-be-selected item when their choice is correct than when their choice is incorrect. Thus, for both correct and incorrect choices, individuals indicate that the chosen item is old, but viewing time nevertheless distinguishes between old and new items. What kind of memory supports this preferential viewing effect? We recorded eye movements while participants made three-alternative, forced-choice recognition memory judgments for scenes. In experiment 1 ( = 30), the magnitude of the preferential viewing effect was strongly correlated with measures of conscious, declarative memory: recognition accuracy as well as the difference in confidence ratings and in response times for correct and incorrect choices. In four analyses that minimized the contribution of declarative memory in order to detect a possible contribution from other processes, the preferential viewing effect was absent. In experiment 2, five memory-impaired patients with medial temporal lobe lesions exhibited a diminished preferential viewing effect. These patients also exhibited poor recognition accuracy and reduced differences in confidence ratings and response times for correct and incorrect choices. We propose that the preferential viewing effect is a phenomenon of conscious, declarative memory and is dependent on the medial temporal lobe. The findings support the link between medial temporal lobe function and declarative memory. When the effects of experience depend on the medial temporal lobe, the effects reflect conscious memory.
当个体在多项选择记忆测试中选择最近学习过（且熟悉）的项目时，如果他们的选择是正确的，那么他们在选择时会将更多的注视时间分配给待选项目，而不是选择错误时。因此，无论是正确还是错误的选择，个体都表明所选项目是旧的，但注视时间仍然可以区分新旧项目。这种记忆支持这种优先观看效果吗？我们在参与者对场景进行三选一强制选择识别记忆判断时记录了眼动。在实验 1（n=30）中，优先观看效果的大小与意识、陈述性记忆的衡量标准密切相关：识别准确率以及正确和错误选择的置信度评分差异和反应时间差异。在四项分析中，为了检测其他过程可能的贡献，我们最小化了陈述性记忆的贡献，优先观看效果不存在。在实验 2 中，五名内侧颞叶损伤的记忆障碍患者表现出优先观看效果减弱。这些患者的识别准确率也较差，正确和错误选择的置信度评分差异和反应时间差异也较小。我们提出，优先观看效果是意识、陈述性记忆的一种现象，取决于内侧颞叶。这些发现支持了内侧颞叶功能和陈述性记忆之间的联系。当经验的影响取决于内侧颞叶时，这些影响反映了有意识的记忆。
