Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 100 Theory, Suite 100, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.
Enviromental Health Sciences Graduate Program, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2018 Oct;91(7):865-875. doi: 10.1007/s00420-018-1330-7. Epub 2018 Jun 29.
To investigate whether chronic psychosocial work stressors (low job control, high job demands, job strain, low supervisor and coworker support, job insecurity, and long work hours) are longitudinally associated with suicidal ideation in a working population.
Five-hundred seventy-eight workers (aged 34-69) were chosen for this analysis from those who participated in both project 1 (2004-2006 at baseline) and project 4 (2004-2009 at follow-up) of the Midlife Development in the United States II study. The median time interval between the two projects was 26 months (range 2-62 months).
About 11% of the workers reported suicidal ideation at follow-up, while 3% of them reported moderate/severe suicidal ideation at follow-up. After controlling for age, marital status, race, family history of suicide, and suicidal ideation at baseline, low skill discretion and job strain (a combination of low job control and high job demands) were associated with total suicidal ideation. After excluding those with suicidal ideation at baseline from analysis and further controlling for other work stressors, job strain was strongly associated with moderate/severe suicidal ideation: ORs, 4.29 (1.30-14.15) for quartile-based job strain and 3.77 (1.21-11.70) for median-based job strain. Long work hours (> 40 h/week vs. ≤ 40 h/week) also increased the likelihood for moderate/severe suicidal ideation: OR 4.06 (1.08-15.19).
Job strain and long work hours were longitudinally associated with moderate/severe suicidal ideation. Increasing job control and ensuring optimal level of work demands, including 40 h or less of work per week may be an important strategy for the prevention of suicide in working populations.
研究慢性心理社会工作压力源（低工作控制、高工作需求、工作紧张、低主管和同事支持、工作不安全以及工作时间长）是否与工作人群的自杀意念存在纵向关联。
从参加美国中期发展研究 II 项目 1（2004-2006 年基线）和项目 4（2004-2009 年随访）的参与者中选择了 578 名工人（年龄 34-69 岁）进行这项分析。两个项目之间的中位时间间隔为 26 个月（范围 2-62 个月）。
约 11%的工人在随访时报告有自杀意念，而 3%的工人在随访时报告有中度/重度自杀意念。在控制年龄、婚姻状况、种族、自杀家族史和基线时的自杀意念后，低技能裁量权和工作紧张（低工作控制和高工作需求的结合）与总自杀意念相关。在排除基线时有自杀意念的人进行分析，并进一步控制其他工作压力源后，工作紧张与中度/重度自杀意念密切相关：基于四分位的工作紧张的 OR 值为 4.29（1.30-14.15），基于中位数的工作紧张的 OR 值为 3.77（1.21-11.70）。工作时间长（>40 小时/周与≤40 小时/周）也增加了中度/重度自杀意念的可能性：OR 值为 4.06（1.08-15.19）。
工作紧张和工作时间长与中度/重度自杀意念存在纵向关联。增加工作控制并确保工作需求处于最佳水平，包括每周工作 40 小时或更少，可能是预防工作人群自杀的重要策略。
