Xu Shan-Shan, Hou Peng-Fu, Fan Li-Hui, Xue Li-Hong, Yang Lin-Zhang, Wang Shao-Hua, Li Gang-Hua
Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2016 Oct 8;37(10):3963-3970. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.2016.10.039.
A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of straw returning and domestic sewage irrigation on the dynamics of NH-N concentration and pH in the flood water, and ammonia volatilization of paddy fields. The results showed that the NH-N concentration in flood water was significantly increased by wheat straw returning while significantly decreased by domestic sewage irrigation. The cumulative ammonia volatilization in the whole rice season under tap water irrigation and straw removal treatment was 58.29 kg·hm, accounting for 24.29% of the total N applied. The N loss ratio of ammonia volatilization was significantly increased to 45.66% by wheat straw returning, while significantly decreased to 17.26% under straw removal and 32.72% under straw returning by domestic sewage irrigation. Significant positive interaction was observed between straw incorporation and domestic sewage irrigation on ammonia volatilization loss. The average N loss from ammonia volatilization during the tillering stage was the highest among the three fertilization stages, accounting for 7.38%-24.44% of the total N applied. In addition, ammonia volatilization fluxes showed a significant positive correlation with the flood water NH-N concentration, irrespective of the irrigation water, but had no significant correlation with pH. These results indicated that straw returning increased ammonia volatilization losses, whereas domestic sewage irrigation could effectively reduce ammonia volatilization losses and simultaneously replace 44.41% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer by the N contained in the domestic sewage. The combination of domestic sewage irrigation and straw returning would be an ecological and environmental-friendly measure for rice nitrogen management in Taihu Lake region.
通过盆栽试验研究了秸秆还田和生活污水灌溉对稻田淹水期间NH-N浓度、pH值动态变化以及氨挥发的影响。结果表明，小麦秸秆还田显著提高了淹水期间的NH-N浓度，而生活污水灌溉显著降低了该浓度。在自来水灌溉且秸秆去除处理下，整个水稻季的累积氨挥发量为58.29 kg·hm，占施氮总量的24.29%。小麦秸秆还田使氨挥发的氮损失率显著增至45.66%，而在秸秆去除处理下显著降至17.26%，在生活污水灌溉秸秆还田处理下为32.72%。秸秆还田与生活污水灌溉对氨挥发损失存在显著的正交互作用。在三个施肥阶段中，分蘖期氨挥发的平均氮损失最高，占施氮总量的7.38%-24.44%。此外，无论灌溉水如何，氨挥发通量与淹水期间的NH-N浓度均呈显著正相关，但与pH值无显著相关性。这些结果表明，秸秆还田增加了氨挥发损失，而生活污水灌溉可有效降低氨挥发损失，同时生活污水中的氮可替代44.41%的化学氮肥。生活污水灌溉与秸秆还田相结合将是太湖地区水稻氮素管理的一种生态环保措施。
