Cheng Gong, Chen Jing, Liu Jing-Jing, Zhang A-Feng, Wang Xu-Dong, Feng Hao, Zhao Ying
College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2017 Feb 8;38(2):792-801. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201607071.
In order to compare the differences in carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas mitigation between straw and straw-derived biochar amendment, a field experiment was conducted with simultaneous measurement of carbon dioxide (CO), methane (CH) and nitrous oxide (NO) emissions, crop yield, soil organic carbon (SOC) content and net global warming potential (NGWP) in a wheat-maize rotation cropping system from the loess plateau of China. Five treatments were included:control (no straw incorporation, no straw-derived biochar amendment and no fertilization, CK), fertilization (no straw incorporation and no straw-derived biochar amendment, F), straw with fertilization (wheat straw incorporated at 8 t·hm, FS), low straw-derived biochar (8 t·hm) with fertilization (FBlow) and high straw-derived biochar (16 t·hm) with fertilization (FBhigh). Wheat yield increased by 30.9%, 66.3% and 36.6% under FS, FBlow and FBhigh treatment, as compared to the F treatment, respectively. However, maize yield decreased by 14.1%, 18.0% and 24.6% under FS, CK and FBhigh treatment as compared to the F treatment, respectively. There was no significant difference between FBlow and F treatment. Annual CO emission increased by 60.2% under FS treatment, but decreased by 14.4% under FBhigh treatment as compared to the F treatment, respectively. Annual NO emission decreased by 27.6% and 38.7% under FBlow and FBhigh treatment as compared to the F treatment, respectively. However, no significant difference was observed under straw application. Overall, the NGWP decreased by 24.13 and 58.44 t·hm under FBlow and FBhigh treatment as compared to the F treatment, respectively. And the NGHGI decreased by 1.78 and 5.06 t·t under FBlow and FBhigh treatment as compared to the F treatment, respectively. In summary, we conclude that the fertilization with 16 t·hm biochar amendment can be used as an effective management to improve the crop yield and reduce the net global warming potential under the wheat-maize rotation system.
为了比较秸秆和秸秆衍生生物炭改良对碳固存和温室气体减排的差异，在中国黄土高原的小麦-玉米轮作种植系统中进行了田间试验，同时测量二氧化碳（CO）、甲烷（CH）和氧化亚氮（NO）排放、作物产量、土壤有机碳（SOC）含量和全球变暖潜势净值（NGWP）。试验设置了五个处理：对照（不施秸秆、不施秸秆衍生生物炭且不施肥，CK）、施肥（不施秸秆且不施秸秆衍生生物炭，F）、秸秆与施肥（施入8 t·hm小麦秸秆，FS）、低量秸秆衍生生物炭（8 t·hm）与施肥（FBlow）和高量秸秆衍生生物炭（16 t·hm）与施肥（FBhigh）。与F处理相比，FS、FBlow和FBhigh处理下小麦产量分别提高了30.9%、66.3%和36.6%。然而，与F处理相比，FS、CK和FBhigh处理下玉米产量分别降低了14.1%、18.0%和24.6%。FBlow和F处理之间没有显著差异。与F处理相比，FS处理下年CO排放量增加了60.2%，而FBhigh处理下年CO排放量减少了14.4%。与F处理相比，FBlow和FBhigh处理下年NO排放量分别降低了27.6%和38.7%。然而，在施用秸秆的情况下未观察到显著差异。总体而言，与F处理相比，FBlow和FBhigh处理下NGWP分别降低了24.13和58.44 t·hm。与F处理相比，FBlow和FBhigh处理下NGHGI分别降低了1.78和5.06 t·t。综上所述，我们得出结论，在小麦-玉米轮作系统中，施用16 t·hm生物炭改良剂可作为提高作物产量和降低全球变暖潜势净值的有效管理措施。
