Wang Jian-Wei, Zhang Cai-Xiang, Pan Zhen-Zhen, Liao Xiao-Ping, Liu Yuan, Lü You, Tang Mi
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
Geography and Tourism College, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2017 Apr 8;38(4):1597-1605. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201609206.
In order to study the distribution characteristics of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs)in the soil of Jianghan plain,78 profile-soil samples from various depth and 7 surface-soil samples were collected in September,2015 in established groundwater monitoring field site, Jianghan plain. The OPPs concentrations were determined by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detector(GC-NPD). The results showed that OPPs were widespread in our studied area. The OPPs concentrations of suface-soil samples ranged from 89.80 ng·g to 193.85 ng·g,with an average of 140.05 ng·g, whereas the OPPs concentrations of profile-soil samples ranged from 19.81 ng·g to 138.28 ng·g,with an average of 40.99 ng·g. The main ingredients of OPPs in surface and profile soil samples were methamidophos, omethoate, diazinon and quinalphos,and the residual amount of 10 kinds of OPPs had posed a threat to agricultural products according to the America soil pesticide residue limits standards. The horizontal distribution of OPPs concentration in profile soil followed the order of nearby river farm area > nearby river area > farm area, namely GS1-1 > GS4 > GS2 > GS3. while the vertical distribution mostly decreased at first and then increased with increasing depth. The distribution characteristics of OPPs were also influenced by many factors, such as application amount of OPPs, the adsorption and desorption actions of soil, vertical movement of groundwater, the terrain environment in the study area, and the concentration of soil organic matters.
为研究江汉平原土壤中有机磷农药（OPPs）的分布特征，2015年9月在江汉平原已建立的地下水监测现场采集了78个不同深度的剖面土壤样品和7个表层土壤样品。采用带氮磷检测器的气相色谱法（GC-NPD）测定OPPs浓度。结果表明，OPPs在我们的研究区域广泛存在。表层土壤样品中OPPs浓度范围为89.80 ng·g至193.85 ng·g，平均为140.05 ng·g，而剖面土壤样品中OPPs浓度范围为19.81 ng·g至138.28 ng·g，平均为40.99 ng·g。表层和剖面土壤样品中OPPs的主要成分是甲胺磷、氧乐果、二嗪农和喹硫磷，根据美国土壤农药残留限量标准，10种OPPs的残留量已对农产品构成威胁。剖面土壤中OPPs浓度的水平分布顺序为近河 farm 区＞近河区＞ farm 区，即GS1-1＞GS4＞GS2＞GS3。而垂直分布大多先降低后随深度增加而增加。OPPs的分布特征还受多种因素影响，如OPPs施用量、土壤的吸附和解吸作用、地下水的垂直运动、研究区域的地形环境以及土壤有机质浓度等。
