College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.
Pest Manag Sci. 2022 Mar;78(3):1206-1212. doi: 10.1002/ps.6737. Epub 2021 Dec 12.
Trifluralin is widely used in Australia as one of the important pre-emergence herbicides to control annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) populations. Trifluralin resistance evolution and mechanisms have been identified in some ryegrass populations.
In this study, 21 putative resistant field survey populations from Western Australian were screened with trifluralin, and 90% (19 of 21) contained individuals surviving 480 g ha trifluralin treatment. Twelve populations contained individuals possessing the known α-tubulin resistance mutations at Val-202, Thr-239 and Arg-243 in TUA4 (alpha-tubulin 4 n), plus multiple potential resistance mutations in TUA4 pending genetic confirmation. Three populations had only individuals carrying newly identified (but uncharacterized) mutations in TUA3/TUA4. Radioactive work found that six populations evolved metabolic resistance to trifluralin, and at least four of them also possessed the known and/or putative target-site mutations.
These results confirm that a high incidence of resistance to the dinitroaniline herbicide (trifluralin) is present, and target-site tubulin mutations make a major contribution to resistance in these annual ryegrass populations. Co-evolution of both target-site and non-target-site resistance to per-emergence herbicides warrants diverse management tactics.
氟乐灵在澳大利亚被广泛用作一种重要的芽前除草剂，以控制一年生黑麦草（Lolium rigidum Gaud.）种群。在一些黑麦草种群中，已经确定了氟乐灵抗性的进化和机制。
在这项研究中，对来自西澳大利亚的 21 个假定的抗性田间调查种群进行了氟乐灵筛选，其中 90%（21 个中的 19 个）含有在 480g/ha 氟乐灵处理下存活的个体。12 个种群中存在着 TUA4 中已知的α-微管蛋白抗性突变，即 Val-202、Thr-239 和 Arg-243（α-微管蛋白 4n），加上 TUA4 中有待遗传确认的多个潜在抗性突变。有 3 个种群只有携带 TUA3/TUA4 新鉴定（但未表征）突变的个体。放射性研究发现，有 6 个种群对氟乐灵产生了代谢抗性，其中至少有 4 个种群还具有已知的和/或假定的靶标位点突变。
这些结果证实，这些一年生黑麦草种群中存在着很高的对二硝基苯胺类除草剂（氟乐灵）的抗性发生率，靶标微管蛋白突变对这些种群的抗性起了主要作用。对芽前除草剂的靶标和非靶标抗性的共同进化需要采用多样化的管理策略。
