Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Obere, Davos, Switzerland.
Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Obere, Davos, Switzerland; Wageningen University and Research, Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2018 Sep;121(3):306-312. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.06.026. Epub 2018 Jun 30.
The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge on the mechanisms of allergen immunotherapy based on the recent publications and clinical trials.
PubMed literature review.
In this review, we focus on diverse mechanisms of AIT and provide an insight into alternative routes of administration. Additionally, we review and discuss the most recent studies investigating potential biomarkers and highlight their role in clinical settings.
Successful allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) induces the reinstatement of tolerance toward allergens and represents a disease-modifying treatment. In the last decades, substantial progress in understanding the mechanisms of AIT has been achieved. Establishment of long-term clinical tolerance to allergens engages a complex network of interactions, modulating the functions of basophils, mast cells, allergen-specific regulatory T and B cells, and production of specific antibodies. The reduction of symptoms and clinical improvement is achieved by skewing the immune response away from allergic inflammation.
Although the complex nature of AIT mechanisms is becoming more clear, the need to discover reliable biomarkers to define patients likely to respond to the treatment is emerging.
本综述旨在根据最近的出版物和临床试验，概述过敏原免疫治疗的机制的现有知识。
PubMed 文献综述。
在本综述中，我们重点关注 AIT 的多种机制，并深入了解替代给药途径。此外，我们回顾和讨论了最新研究调查潜在生物标志物及其在临床环境中的作用。
成功的过敏原特异性免疫治疗（AIT）可诱导对过敏原的耐受性重新建立，是一种疾病修正治疗。在过去的几十年中，在理解 AIT 机制方面取得了实质性进展。建立对过敏原的长期临床耐受涉及一个复杂的相互作用网络，调节嗜碱性粒细胞、肥大细胞、过敏原特异性调节性 T 和 B 细胞的功能以及特定抗体的产生。通过使免疫反应偏向于非过敏性炎症来减轻症状和改善临床效果。
尽管 AIT 机制的复杂性变得更加清晰，但需要发现可靠的生物标志物来定义可能对治疗有反应的患者。
