Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Movement Sciences Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
FACEit, Italian Society of Integrated Therapy for Cervico-Cranio-Facial Pain and Dysfunction, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Studio Fisioterapico Viti, Bologna, Italy.
Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2018 Oct;37:20-28. doi: 10.1016/j.msksp.2018.06.005. Epub 2018 Jun 15.
Central sensitization (CS) is an important feature in patients with chronic pain. The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) was developed with the goal of detecting the patients' symptoms related to CS.
This study aimed at cross-culturally adapting the CSI into Italian, and at assessing its structural and construct validity in patients with different chronic pain disorders.
Clinimetric study.
The Italian version of the CSI (CSI-I) was generated following forward and backward translations, expert committee review, and pilot-testing. Patients with pain for ≥3 months were eligible if diagnosed with: low back pain (LBP), temporomandibular disorder (TMD), hand osteoarthritis (HOA), fibromyalgia (FM), or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Structural validity was assessed with exploratory factor analysis and parallel analysis based on minimum rank factor analysis; construct validity was evaluated by testing ten hypotheses on: 1) expected differences between relevant subgroups, 2) expected correlations with other instruments measuring pain intensity, physical functioning, psychological functioning, headache symptoms, and pain self-efficacy.
220 patients were included: 35% with LBP, 17% with TMD, 19% with HOA, 9% with FM, and 20% with RA. Factor analyses revealed that the CSI-I is a unidimensional instrument. Construct validity was satisfactory since 80% of the hypotheses were met.
The CSI-I was successfully developed and exhibited satisfactory validity in patients with chronic pain. Its reliability, responsiveness and content validity should be investigated in future studies. Until robust evidence indicates a strong relationship between CS and the CSI-I, caution should be adopted in claiming that the CSI-I measures CS.
中枢敏化（CS）是慢性疼痛患者的一个重要特征。中枢敏化量表（CSI）的开发旨在检测与 CS 相关的患者症状。
本研究旨在将 CSI 跨文化改编为意大利语，并评估其在患有不同慢性疼痛疾病患者中的结构和构念效度。
计量学研究。
CSI 的意大利语版本（CSI-I）通过正向和反向翻译、专家委员会审查和试点测试生成。如果诊断为：下腰痛（LBP）、颞下颌关节紊乱（TMD）、手骨关节炎（HOA）、纤维肌痛（FM）或类风湿关节炎（RA），且疼痛持续≥3 个月的患者有资格入组。结构效度通过最小秩因子分析的探索性因子分析和并行分析进行评估；构念效度通过测试十个假设进行评估：1）相关亚组之间的预期差异，2）与其他测量疼痛强度、身体功能、心理功能、头痛症状和疼痛自我效能的仪器的预期相关性。
共纳入 220 例患者：35%为 LBP，17%为 TMD，19%为 HOA，9%为 FM，20%为 RA。因子分析显示 CSI-I 是一个单维工具。构念效度令人满意，因为 80%的假设得到了满足。
CSI-I 在慢性疼痛患者中成功开发，并表现出令人满意的有效性。在未来的研究中，应调查其可靠性、反应性和内容效度。在有强有力的证据表明 CS 与 CSI-I 之间存在强烈关系之前，在声称 CSI-I 测量 CS 时应谨慎行事。
