Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, School of Health Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, Scotland.
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018 Nov;28(11):2330-2338. doi: 10.1111/sms.13258. Epub 2018 Jul 18.
It is unclear, what the underlying cardiovascular mechanisms are that give rise to the high level of aerobic fitness seen in youth soccer players. The aim of the study was to evaluate global and regional markers of systolic and diastolic function in a group of pre-adolescent soccer players during an incremental exercise test. Twenty-two, male soccer players (SP) from two professional soccer clubs (age: 12.0 ± 0.3 years) volunteered for the study. Fifteen recreationally active boys (CON), of similar age (age: 11.7 ± 0.2 years) were also recruited. All boys underwent a cycle ergometer test to exhaustion. Cardiac dimensions were determined using M-mode echocardiography. During submaximal and maximal exercise, continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound techniques were used to derive stroke volume (SVIndex). Tissue-Doppler imaging was used to quantify systolic (S'adj) and diastolic function (E; E'adj and E/E') at rest and both submaximal and maximal exercise intensities. Speckle tracking echocardiography was used to determine peak longitudinal ε at submaximal exercise intensities. SP demonstrated significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater peak VO values than CON (SP: 48.0 ± 5.0 vs CON: 40.1 ± 7.5 mL/kg/min). Allometrically scaled to body surface area left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) was larger (P ≤ 0.05) in the SP (51.3 ± 9.0) compared to CON (44.6 ± 5.8 mL·BSA ). At the same relative, submaximal exercise intensities, the SP demonstrated greater SVIndex, cardiac output (QIndex), and E. No differences were noted for peak longitudinal ε during submaximal exercise. Factors that augment pre-load and LV volume appear to determine the superior aerobic fitness seen in the soccer players.
目前尚不清楚是什么潜在的心血管机制导致青少年足球运动员具有高水平的有氧健身水平。本研究的目的是在递增运动测试中评估一组青春期前足球运动员的整体和区域性收缩和舒张功能标志物。22 名来自两家职业足球俱乐部的男性足球运动员（SP）（年龄：12.0±0.3 岁）自愿参加了这项研究。还招募了 15 名年龄相近（年龄：11.7±0.2 岁）的休闲活跃男孩（CON）。所有男孩都进行了自行车测力计测试至力竭。使用 M 型超声心动图确定心脏尺寸。在亚最大和最大运动期间，使用连续波多普勒超声技术得出每搏量（SVIndex）。组织多普勒成像用于在休息时以及在亚最大和最大运动强度下量化收缩（S'adj）和舒张功能（E；E'adj 和 E/E'）。斑点追踪超声心动图用于确定亚最大运动强度下的最大纵向 ε。SP 的峰值 VO 值明显高于 CON（SP：48.0±5.0 比 CON：40.1±7.5 mL/kg/min）（P≤0.05）。根据体表面积进行标化的左心室舒张末期容积（LVEDV）在 SP 中更大（P≤0.05）（SP：51.3±9.0 比 CON：44.6±5.8 mL·BSA）。在相同的相对亚最大运动强度下，SP 显示出更大的 SVIndex、心输出量（QIndex）和 E。在亚最大运动期间，没有观察到最大纵向 ε 的差异。增加前负荷和 LV 容积的因素似乎决定了足球运动员的卓越有氧健身水平。
