Division of Sport and Exercise, Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, Scotland, UK.
School of Sport, York St. John University, York, UK.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2021 May;121(5):1419-1429. doi: 10.1007/s00421-021-04634-3. Epub 2021 Feb 22.
Cardiac modifications to training are a product of the genetic pre-disposition for adaptation and the repetitive haemodynamic loads that are placed on the myocardium. Elite pre-adolescent athletes are exposed to high-intensity training at a young age with little understanding of the physiological and clinical consequences. It is unclear how right ventricular (RV) structure and function may respond to this type of stimulus. The aim of this study was to compare RV structure and strain across the cardiac cycle and within individual segments in elite soccer players (SP) and controls (CON).
Twenty-two highly trained, male pre-adolescent SP and 22 age-and sex-matched recreationally active individuals CON were investigated using 2D echocardiography, including myocardial speckle tracking to assess basal, mid-wall, apical and global longitudinal strain and strain rate during systole (SRS) and diastole (SRE and SRA).
greater RV cavity size was identified in the SP compared to CON (RVD SP: 32.3 ± 3.1 vs. CON: 29.6 ± 2.8 (mm/m); p = 0.005). No inter-group differences were noted for peak global RV strain (SP: - 28.6 ± 4.9 vs CON: - 30.3 ± 4.0%, p = 0.11). Lower mid-wall strain was demonstrated in the SP compared to CON (SP: - 27.9 ± 5.8 vs. CON: - 32.2 ± 4.4%, p = 0.007).
Soccer training has the potential to increase RV size in pre-adolescent players. The unique segmental analyses used in this study have identified inter-group differences that were masked by global strain evaluations. The clinical and physiological implications of these findings warrant further investigation.
比较精英足球运动员（SP）和对照组（CON）的右心室（RV）结构和循环内各节段的应变。
使用二维超声心动图，包括心肌斑点追踪技术，评估 22 名高度训练的男性青春期前 SP 和 22 名年龄和性别匹配的休闲活动个体 CON 的基础、中层、心尖和整体纵向应变和收缩期（SRS）和舒张期（SRE 和 SRA）应变率。
与 CON 相比，SP 的 RV 腔大小更大（RVD SP：32.3±3.1 vs. CON：29.6±2.8（mm/m）；p=0.005）。SP 和 CON 之间的峰值整体 RV 应变无组间差异（SP：-28.6±4.9 vs. CON：-30.3±4.0%，p=0.11）。与 CON 相比，SP 的中层应变较低（SP：-27.9±5.8 vs. CON：-32.2±4.4%，p=0.007）。
足球训练有可能增加青春期前运动员的 RV 大小。本研究中使用的独特节段分析方法已经确定了全局应变评估所掩盖的组间差异。这些发现的临床和生理意义需要进一步研究。
