University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Growth and Nutrition, 737 W Lombard St, Room 169C, Baltimore, MD 21201. Email:
Creighton University School of Medicine.
Prev Chronic Dis. 2018 Jun 28;15:E88. doi: 10.5888/pcd15.170561.
Few instruments assess key outcomes of school-based obesity interventions, including student perceptions of school environments and school-specific dietary intake patterns. This study describes development of PEA-PODS (Perceptions of the Environment and Patterns of Diet at School), a 2-part survey to measure these outcomes.
Part 1 (PEA) assessed student perceptions of policies, physical environment, and practices related to healthy eating and physical activity at school. Part 2 (PODS) assessed usual intake (ie, frequency, location obtained, and foods consumed) of breakfast and lunch. Foods consumed were presented by MyPlate categories (eg, Fruits, Grains). Students in grades 3, 6, and 9 participated in 2 phases: cognitive pre-testing (n = 10) and reliability/validation testing (n = 58). Both surveys were administered 1 week apart to assess test-retest reliability and 5-day food records validated PODS. Analyses included percent agreement (70% = acceptable), Pearson correlations, and Cronbach α.
Cognitive pre-testing provided feedback on content, length, and age-appropriateness. Percent agreements were acceptable for test-retest reliability of PEA (71%-96%). The final version included 34 items with Likert-type responses in 4 subscales (α ≥0.78). For PODS, agreement for breakfast and lunch location was ≥75% for both reliability and validation. For foods consumed at breakfast, reliability agreement ranged from 74% to 93%, and validation agreement from 68% to 91%. For foods consumed at lunch, agreement ranges were 76% to 95% and 73% to 88%, respectively.
Both parts of the instrument demonstrate acceptable reliability, and PODS demonstrates acceptable validity. This demonstrates appropriateness for assessing perceptions of the environment and usual dietary intake patterns for school-based obesity prevention initiatives.
很少有工具可以评估基于学校的肥胖干预的关键结果，包括学生对学校环境和特定于学校的饮食摄入模式的看法。本研究描述了 PEA-PODS（对学校环境和饮食模式的看法）的开发，这是一项测量这些结果的两部分调查。
第 1 部分（PEA）评估了学生对学校与健康饮食和身体活动相关的政策、物理环境和实践的看法。第 2 部分（PODS）评估了早餐和午餐的通常摄入量（即频率、获得地点和食用的食物）。食用的食物按 MyPlate 类别（例如，水果、谷物）呈现。3 年级、6 年级和 9 年级的学生参加了 2 个阶段：认知预测试（n=10）和可靠性/验证测试（n=58）。这两个调查相隔一周进行，以评估测试-重测信度和 5 天的食物记录验证 PODS。分析包括百分比一致性（70%=可接受）、皮尔逊相关系数和 Cronbach α。
认知预测试提供了有关内容、长度和适合年龄的反馈。PEA 的测试-重测信度的百分比一致性可接受（71%-96%）。最终版本包括 34 个项目，采用 4 个分量表的李克特式反应（α≥0.78）。对于 PODS，早餐和午餐地点的一致性在可靠性和验证方面均≥75%。对于早餐食用的食物，可靠性一致性范围为 74%至 93%，验证一致性范围为 68%至 91%。对于午餐食用的食物，一致性范围分别为 76%至 95%和 73%至 88%。
该工具的两个部分都表现出可接受的可靠性，并且 PODS 表现出可接受的有效性。这表明适用于评估基于学校的肥胖预防计划的环境感知和日常饮食摄入模式。
