School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
The George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
Front Public Health. 2021 Dec 23;9:789535. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.789535. eCollection 2021.
Traditionally, adolescent participation in research has been tokenistic. Adolescents are rarely afforded the opportunity to influence decision-making in research designed to prevent obesity. Engaging adolescents in meaningful decision-making may enhance research translation. This review aimed to analyze the current modes and nature of adolescent participation in obesity prevention research decision-making. A systematic scoping review was conducted using Arksey and O'Malley's six-stage framework. Six major databases were searched for peer-reviewed primary research studies with adolescent participation related to obesity, physical activity, and diet. Modes of adolescent participation were categorized based on the Lansdown-UNICEF conceptual framework for measuring outcomes of adolescent participation. The framework outlines three modes of meaningful participation: (i) consultative, which involves taking opinions and needs into consideration; (ii) collaborative, where adolescents are partners in the decision-making process; and (iii) adolescent-led participation where adolescents have the capacity to influence the process and outcomes. The degree of involvement in research cycles was classified based on the National Health and Medical Research Council consumer engagement framework. Five stages of the research cycle were determined: identify, design and develop, conduct, analyze and disseminate. In total, 126 papers describing 71 unique studies were identified. Of these, 69% (49/71) took place in the USA, and 85% (52/61) were conducted in minority or underserved communities, while males were more likely to be under-represented. In 49% (35/71) of studies, participation was consultative and 9% (6/71) of studies involved an adolescent-led approach. Furthermore, 87% (62/71) of studies incorporated adolescent participation in one or more of the research cycle's formative phases, which involve eliciting views, opinions and idea generation. Only 11% of studies engaged adolescents in all five stages of the research cycle where adolescents could have more influence over the research process. Meaningful adolescent participation in the obesity prevention research cycle is limited. Empowering and mobilizing equal partnership with adolescents should be at the forefront of all adolescent-related obesity prevention research.
传统上，青少年参与研究的方式是象征性的。青少年很少有机会影响旨在预防肥胖的研究中的决策。让青少年参与有意义的决策可能会增强研究的转化。本综述旨在分析当前青少年参与肥胖预防研究决策的模式和性质。
使用 Arksey 和 O'Malley 的六阶段框架进行了系统的范围综述。在六个主要数据库中搜索了与肥胖、身体活动和饮食相关的青少年参与的同行评审原始研究。根据 Lansdown-UNICEF 衡量青少年参与成果的概念框架对青少年参与的模式进行了分类。该框架概述了三种有意义的参与模式：(i) 咨询模式，涉及考虑意见和需求；(ii) 合作模式，青少年是决策过程的合作伙伴；(iii) 青少年主导的参与模式，青少年有能力影响过程和结果。根据澳大利亚国家卫生与医学研究理事会消费者参与框架对研究周期中的参与程度进行了分类。确定了研究周期的五个阶段：识别、设计和开发、进行、分析和传播。
总共确定了 126 篇描述 71 项独特研究的论文。其中，69%（49/71）发生在美国，85%（52/61）在少数民族或服务不足的社区进行，而男性的代表性不足。在 49%（35/71）的研究中，参与是咨询性的，9%（6/71）的研究涉及青少年主导的方法。此外，87%（62/71）的研究在研究周期的一个或多个形成阶段纳入了青少年的参与，这些阶段涉及征求意见、观点和想法的产生。只有 11%的研究让青少年参与研究周期的所有五个阶段，在这些阶段中，青少年可以对研究过程有更多的影响。
青少年在肥胖预防研究周期中有意义的参与是有限的。赋予青少年权力并动员他们建立平等的伙伴关系应该成为所有与青少年相关的肥胖预防研究的首要任务。
