Chibeba Amaral Machaculeha, Kyei-Boahen Stephen, Guimarães Maria de Fátima, Nogueira Marco Antonio, Hungria Mariangela
Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), C.P. 10.011, 86.057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
Embrapa Soja, C.P. 231, 86001-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
Agric Ecosyst Environ. 2018 Jul 1;261:230-240. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2017.06.037.
The soybean- symbiosis can be very effective in fixing nitrogen and supply nearly all plant's demand on this nutrient, obviating the need for N-fertilizers. Brazil has been investing in research and use of inoculants for soybean for decades and with the expansion of the crop in African countries, the feasibility of transference of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) technologies between the continents should be investigated. We evaluated the performance of five strains (four Brazilian and one North American) in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons in Brazil (four sites) and Mozambique (five sites). The experimental areas were located in relatively similar agro-climatic regions and had soybean nodulating rhizobial population ranging from ≪ 10 to 2 × 10 cells g soil. The treatments were: (1) NI, non-inoculated control with no N-fertilizer; (2) NI + N, non-inoculated control with 200 kg of N ha; and inoculated with (3) SEMIA 5079; (4) SEMIA 5080; (5) SEMIA 587; (6) SEMIA 5019; (7) USDA 110; (8) SEMIA 5079 + 5080 (only tested in Brazil). The best inoculation treatments across locations and crop seasons in Brazil were SEMIA 5079 + 5080, SEMIA 5079 and USDA 110, with average grain yield gains of 4-5% in relation to the non-inoculated treatment. SEMIA 5079, SEMIA 5080, SEMIA 5019 and USDA 110 were the best strains in Mozambique, with average 20-29% grain yield gains over the non-inoculated treatment. Moreover, the four best performing strains in Mozambique resulted in similar or better yields than the non-inoculated + N treatment, confirming the BNF as an alternative to N-fertilizers. The results also confirm the feasibility to transfer soybean inoculation technologies between countries, speeding up the establishment of sustainable cropping systems.
大豆共生固氮效果显著，能满足几乎所有植物对该养分的需求，从而无需施用氮肥。几十年来，巴西一直致力于大豆接种剂的研究与应用。随着大豆种植在非洲国家的扩展，应研究生物固氮（BNF）技术在各大洲之间转移的可行性。我们在2013/2014和2014/2015作物季，对巴西（四个地点）和莫桑比克（五个地点）的五个菌株（四个巴西菌株和一个北美菌株）的性能进行了评估。试验区位于相对相似的农业气候区，土壤中大豆根瘤菌的数量在≪10至2×10个细胞/克土壤之间。处理方式包括：（1）NI，不接种且不施氮肥的对照；（2）NI + N，不接种但施200千克氮/公顷的对照；以及接种（3）SEMIA 5079；（4）SEMIA 5080；（5）SEMIA 587；（6）SEMIA 5019；（7）USDA 110；（8）SEMIA 5079 + 5080（仅在巴西测试）。在巴西，跨地点和作物季的最佳接种处理是SEMIA 5079 + 5080、SEMIA 5079和USDA 110，与未接种处理相比，平均籽粒产量提高了4 - 5%。在莫桑比克，SEMIA 5079、SEMIA 5080、SEMIA 5019和USDA 110是最佳菌株，与未接种处理相比，平均籽粒产量提高了20 - 29%。此外，在莫桑比克表现最佳的四个菌株的产量与未接种 + N处理相当或更高，这证实了生物固氮可作为氮肥的替代品。结果还证实了在各国之间转移大豆接种技术的可行性，加快了可持续种植系统的建立。
