Monteiro Kerla Joeline Lima, Reis Elis Regina Chaves Dos, Nunes Beatriz Coronato, Jaeger Lauren Hubert, Calegar Deiviane Aparecida, Santos Jéssica Pereira Dos, Maia Alexander de Oliveira, Xavier Samanta Cristina das Chagas, Bóia Márcio Neves, Carvalho-Costa Filipe Anibal
Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Escritório Técnico Regional, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2018;60:e24. doi: 10.1590/s1678-9946201860024. Epub 2018 Jun 28.
This study aims to describe the prevalence, distribution, and factors associated with soil-transmitted helminthiases (STHs) in rural localities in Piaui, Brazil. Two cross-sectional surveys (n=605 subjects; 172 families) were carried out in order to obtain socio-demographic, anthropometric, spatial and parasitological data. Parasites were evaluated using Kato-Katz and centrifugal sedimentation techniques. Eggs were measured to assess infection with zoonotic Strongylida parasites. Kernel maps were constructed with Q-GIS. The prevalence of hookworm infection was 12.4% (75/605). Other helminthes found were Trichuris trichiura (n=1; 0.2%) and Hymenolepis nana (n=1; 0.2%). The hookworm positivity rate was significantly lower among subjects who had used albendazole when compared with individuals who had not used anthelmintics or had used antiprotozoal drugs in the last 6 months (8/134 [6.0%] vs. 59/415 [14.2%]; p=0.009). A total of 39/172 (22.7%) families had at least one infected member. The association between the number of dwellers and hookworm positivity in the family was present in a logistic regression multivariate model. Assessment of worm burdens showed 92.2% light, 6.2% moderate, and 1.6% heavy infections. Hookworm eggs (n=34) measured 57.2 - 75.4 µm in length and 36.4 - 44.2 µm in width (mean ± SD = 65.86 ± 4.66 µm L and 40.05 ± 1.99 µm W), commensurate with human hookworms. Hotspots suggest that transmission has a focal pattern. STHs persist in impoverished rural areas in Northeastern Brazil where currently available control strategies (mass drug administration) apparently do not allow the elimination of the infection.
本研究旨在描述巴西皮奥伊州农村地区土壤传播蠕虫病（STH）的流行情况、分布及相关因素。开展了两项横断面调查（n = 605名受试者；172个家庭），以获取社会人口学、人体测量学、空间和寄生虫学数据。使用改良加藤厚涂片法和离心沉淀技术评估寄生虫。测量虫卵以评估人兽共患圆线虫寄生虫感染情况。用Q地理信息系统构建核密度图。钩虫感染率为12.4%（75/605）。发现的其他蠕虫为鞭虫（n = 1；0.2%）和微小膜壳绦虫（n = 1；0.2%）。与在过去6个月内未使用驱虫药或使用抗原虫药物的个体相比，使用过阿苯达唑的受试者中钩虫阳性率显著更低（8/134 [6.0%] 对59/415 [14.2%]；p = 0.009）。共有39/172（22.7%）家庭至少有一名感染成员。在逻辑回归多变量模型中，家庭居住人数与钩虫阳性之间存在关联。蠕虫负荷评估显示，92.2%为轻度感染，6.2%为中度感染，1.6%为重度感染。钩虫卵（n = 34）长度为57.2 - 75.4 µm，宽度为36.4 - 44.2 µm（平均值±标准差 = 65.86 ± 4.66 µm L和40.05 ± 1.99 µm W），与人体钩虫相符。热点表明传播呈聚集模式。土壤传播蠕虫病在巴西东北部贫困农村地区持续存在，目前可用的控制策略（群体药物给药）显然无法消除感染。
