College of Nursing, College of Public Health, University of Iowa.
Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2018 Aug;66(8):1538-1545. doi: 10.1111/jgs.15423. Epub 2018 Jul 4.
To examine speed-of-processing training (SOPT) in older adults in senior living communities, especially those in assisted living.
Two-arm, parallel, randomized controlled trial.
Assisted and independent residence settings in 31 senior living communities.
Individuals aged 55 to 102 (mean 81.0, 73.8% female, 76.4% living alone, 47.0% residing in assisted living; N=351).
The intervention was 10 hours of computerized SOPT at baseline with 4-hour boosters at 5 and 11 months; the attention control was 10 hours of solving computerized crossword puzzles at baseline with 4-hour boosters at 5 and 11 months.
Outcomes were useful field of view (UFOV) scores and improvements of 0.5 standard deviations (SDs) or more (> 158.4 ms). Data collection occurred at baseline, after training, and 6 and 12 months. Random-effects linear mixed-effect models were used to estimate SOPT effects in intention-to-treat complete-case and multiple imputation analyses.
We found statistically significantly small standardized effect sizes (Cohen's d 0.25-0.40) for SOPT, reflecting processing speed improvements on UFOV scores (of 39-63 ms) and greater percentages (9.8 to 14.9 percentage point advantages) for achieving more than 0.5 SD improvements (> 158.4 ms) over the 3 time periods.
These findings support public health messaging about the potential benefits of SOPT for older adults in senior living communities and support the feasibility and acceptability of SOPT in assisted and independent living for older adults.
研究老年人在高级生活社区，特别是在辅助生活社区中的速度处理训练（SOPT）。
双臂、平行、随机对照试验。
31 个高级生活社区中的辅助和独立居住环境。
年龄在 55 至 102 岁之间的个体（平均年龄 81.0 岁，73.8%为女性，76.4%独居，47.0%居住在辅助生活中；N=351）。
干预措施是在基线时进行 10 小时的计算机化 SOPT，在 5 个月和 11 个月时进行 4 小时的强化；对照组在基线时进行 10 小时的计算机化填字游戏，在 5 个月和 11 个月时进行 4 小时的强化。
结果是有用视野（UFOV）评分和提高 0.5 个标准差（SD）或更多（>158.4 毫秒）。数据收集在基线、训练后以及 6 个月和 12 个月进行。使用随机效应线性混合效应模型，在意向治疗完全案例和多重插补分析中估计 SOPT 的效果。
我们发现 SOPT 的统计学上显著的小标准化效应大小（Cohen's d 0.25-0.40），反映了 UFOV 评分上的处理速度提高（提高 39-63 毫秒），以及在超过 3 个时间段实现 0.5 SD 以上提高（>158.4 毫秒）的更高百分比（9.8 至 14.9 个百分点优势）。
这些发现支持关于 SOPT 对高级生活社区中老年人潜在益处的公共卫生信息，并支持 SOPT 在老年人辅助和独立生活中的可行性和可接受性。
