Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
Cell Metab. 2018 Jul 3;28(1):9-22. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.06.007.
Nitric oxide (NO), generated from L-arginine and oxygen by NO synthases, is a pleiotropic signaling molecule involved in cardiovascular and metabolic regulation. More recently, an alternative pathway for the formation of this free radical has been explored. The inorganic anions nitrate (NO) and nitrite (NO), originating from dietary and endogenous sources, generate NO bioactivity in a process involving seemingly symbiotic oral bacteria and host enzymes in blood and tissues. The described cardio-metabolic effects of dietary nitrate from experimental and clinical studies include lowering of blood pressure, improved endothelial function, increased exercise performance, and reversal of metabolic syndrome, as well as antidiabetic effects. The mechanisms underlying the salutary metabolic effects of nitrate are being revealed and include interaction with mitochondrial respiration, activation of key metabolic regulatory pathways, and reduction of oxidative stress. Here we review the recent advances in the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, focusing on metabolic effects in health and disease.
一氧化氮（NO）是由一氧化氮合酶从 L-精氨酸和氧气生成的一种多效信号分子，参与心血管和代谢调节。最近，人们探索了这种自由基形成的替代途径。无机阴离子硝酸盐（NO ）和亚硝酸盐（NO ）来源于饮食和内源性来源，在涉及似乎共生的口腔细菌和血液和组织中宿主酶的过程中产生具有生物活性的 NO。来自实验和临床研究的饮食硝酸盐对心血管代谢的影响包括降低血压、改善内皮功能、提高运动表现以及逆转代谢综合征，以及抗糖尿病作用。硝酸盐有益代谢作用的机制正在被揭示，包括与线粒体呼吸的相互作用、关键代谢调节途径的激活以及氧化应激的减少。在这里，我们综述了硝酸盐-亚硝酸盐-NO 途径的最新进展，重点关注健康和疾病中的代谢作用。
