Gul Waseem, Gul Shahbaz W, Stamper Brandon, Godfrey Murrell, ElSohly Mahmoud A
ElSohly Laboratories, Inc., Oxford, MS, USA.
National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2018;1810:149-182. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8579-1_15.
A method was developed for the analysis of stimulant drugs, opiates, synthetic opiates, PCP, and benzodiazepines in wastewater samples using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). A total of 33 compounds (stimulant-type drugs and metabolites of opiates, synthetic opiates, PCP, and benzodiazepines) were analyzed. These drugs included amphetamine (Amp) (1), methamphetamine (Meth) (2), methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) (3), methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) (4), methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) (5), benzoylecgonine (BE, the major metabolite of Coc) (6), cocaine (Coc) (7), 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM, the primary urinary metabolite of heroin) (8), codeine (9), hydrocodone (10), hydromorphone (11), morphine (12), norhydrocodone (the primary urinary metabolite of hydrocodone) (13), oxycodone (14), oxymorphone (15), 2-ethylidine-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrolidine (EDDP, the primary urinary metabolite of methadone) (16), fentanyl (17), meperidine (18), methadone (19), norfentanyl (the primary urinary metabolite of fentanyl) (20), normeperidine (the primary urinary metabolite of meperidine) (21), phencyclidine (PCP) (22), tramadol (23), alprazolam (24), temazepam (25), nordiazepam (26), chlordiazepoxide (27), flurazepam (28), oxazepam (29), α-OH-alprazolam (the primary urinary metabolite of alprazolam) (30), α-OH-triazolam (the primary urinary metabolite of triazolam) (31), 2-OH-ethylflurazepam (the primary urinary metabolite of flurazepam) (32), and 7-NH-flunitrazepam (the primary urinary metabolite of flunitrazepam) (33). These drugs were chosen because of their widespread abuse. Wastewater samples were collected at both the Oxford Wastewater Treatment Plant in Oxford, Mississippi (MS), and the University Wastewater Treatment Plant in University, MS. Samples were collected on weekends on which the Ole Miss Rebel football team held home games (Vaught-Hemingway Stadium, University, MS 38677). The collected samples were analyzed using a validated method and found to contain Amp, Meth, MDMA, MDA, Coc, BE, codeine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, morphine, norhydrocodone, oxycodone, oxymorphone, tramadol, EDDP, meperidine, normeperidine, methadone, alprazolam, α-OH-alprazolam, nordiazepam, oxazepam, and temazepam. None of the samples contained MDEA, 6-MAM, fentanyl, norfentanyl, PCP, chlordiazepoxide, flurazepam, 2-OH-ethylflurazepam, 7-NH-flunitrazepam, and α-OH-triazolam.
开发了一种使用液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS-MS）分析废水样品中兴奋剂类药物、阿片类药物、合成阿片类药物、苯环己哌啶（PCP）和苯二氮䓬类药物的方法。共分析了33种化合物（兴奋剂类药物以及阿片类药物、合成阿片类药物、PCP和苯二氮䓬类药物的代谢物）。这些药物包括苯丙胺（Amp）（1）、甲基苯丙胺（Meth）（2）、亚甲二氧基苯丙胺（MDA）（3）、亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺（MDMA）（4）、亚甲二氧基乙基苯丙胺（MDEA）（5）、苯甲酰爱康宁（BE，可卡因的主要代谢物）（6）、可卡因（Coc）（7）、6-单乙酰吗啡（6-MAM，海洛因的主要尿液代谢物）（8）、可待因（9）、氢可酮（10）、氢吗啡酮（11）、吗啡（12）、去甲氢可酮（氢可酮的主要尿液代谢物）（13）、羟考酮（14）、奥施康定（15）、2-亚乙基-1,5-二甲基-3,3-二苯基吡咯烷（EDDP，美沙酮的主要尿液代谢物）（16）、芬太尼（17）、哌替啶（18）、美沙酮（19）、去甲芬太尼（芬太尼的主要尿液代谢物）（20）、去甲哌替啶（哌替啶的主要尿液代谢物）（21）、苯环己哌啶（PCP）（22）、曲马多（23）、阿普唑仑（24）、替马西泮（25）、去甲西泮（26）、氯氮䓬（27）、氟西泮（28）、奥沙西泮（29）、α-羟基阿普唑仑（阿普唑仑的主要尿液代谢物）（30）、α-羟基三唑仑（三唑仑的主要尿液代谢物）（31）、2-羟基乙基氟西泮（氟西泮的主要尿液代谢物）（32）和7-氨基氟硝西泮（氟硝西泮的主要尿液代谢物）（33）。选择这些药物是因为它们被广泛滥用。在密西西比州牛津市的牛津废水处理厂以及密西西比州大学的大学废水处理厂采集了废水样本。样本在密西西比大学叛逆者橄榄球队举行主场比赛的周末采集（沃特-海明威体育场，密西西比州大学，邮编38677）。使用经过验证的方法对采集的样本进行分析，发现其中含有Amp、Meth、MDMA、MDA、Coc、BE、可待因、氢可酮、氢吗啡酮、吗啡、去甲氢可酮、羟考酮、奥施康定、曲马多、EDDP、哌替啶、去甲哌替啶、美沙酮、阿普唑仑、α-羟基阿普唑仑、去甲西泮、奥沙西泮和替马西泮。所有样本均未含有MDEA、6-MAM、芬太尼、去甲芬太尼、PCP、氯氮䓬、氟西泮、2-羟基乙基氟西泮、7-氨基氟硝西泮和α-羟基三唑仑。
