Research Centre for Water Environment Technology, Department of Urban Engineering , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan.
School of Natural and Built Environments , University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes , South Australia 5095 , Australia.
ACS Sens. 2018 Jul 27;3(7):1233-1245. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00359. Epub 2018 Jul 18.
Due to increasing stringency of water legislation and extreme consequences that failure to detect some contaminants in water can involve, there has been a strong interest in developing electrochemical biosensors for algal toxin detection during the past decade, evidenced by literature increasing from 2 journal papers pre-2009 to 24 between 2009 and 2018. In this context, this review has summarized recent progress of successful algal toxin detection in water using electrochemical biosensing techniques. Satisfactory detection recoveries using real environmental water samples and good sensor repeatability and reproducibility have been achieved, along with some excellent limit-of-detection (LOD) reported. Recent electrochemical biosensor literature in algal toxin detection is compared and discussed to cover three major design components: (1) biorecognition elements, (2) electrochemical read-out techniques, and (3) sensor electrodes and signal amplification strategy. The recent development of electrochemical biosensors has provided one more step further toward quick in situ detection of algal toxins in the contamination point of the water source. In the end, we have also critically reviewed the current challenges and research opportunities regarding electrochemical biosensors for algal toxin detection that need to be addressed before they attain commercial viability.
由于水法规的严格性不断提高，而且未能检测到水中的某些污染物可能会带来极端后果，因此在过去十年中，人们强烈关注开发用于检测藻类毒素的电化学生物传感器，这一点在文献中得到了体现，即在 2009 年之前有 2 篇期刊论文，而在 2009 年至 2018 年期间则有 24 篇。在这种情况下，本综述总结了近年来使用电化学生物传感技术成功检测水中藻类毒素的最新进展。已经实现了使用真实环境水样进行令人满意的检测回收率，并且具有良好的传感器重复性和再现性，同时还报告了一些出色的检测限 (LOD)。对最近关于藻类毒素检测的电化学生物传感器文献进行了比较和讨论，涵盖了三个主要设计组件：（1）生物识别元件，（2）电化学读出技术，以及（3）传感器电极和信号放大策略。电化学生物传感器的最新发展为在水源污染点进行快速原位检测藻类毒素提供了更进一步的手段。最后，我们还批判性地审查了电化学生物传感器检测藻类毒素目前面临的挑战和研究机遇，在它们达到商业可行性之前需要解决这些问题。
