Pelczarski Kristin M, Tendera Anna, Dye Matthew, Loucks Torrey M
School of Family Studies and Human Services, Kansas State University, USA.
Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
Lang Speech. 2019 Sep;62(3):475-493. doi: 10.1177/0023830918785203. Epub 2018 Jul 6.
Stuttering is a multifactorial disorder that is characterized by disruptions in the forward flow of speech believed to be caused by differences in the motor and linguistic systems. Several psycholinguistic theories of stuttering suggest that delayed or disrupted phonological encoding contributes to stuttered speech. However, phonological encoding remains difficult to measure without controlling for the involvement of the speech-motor system. Eye-tracking is proposed to be a reliable approach for measuring phonological encoding duration while controlling for the influence of speech production. Eighteen adults who stutter and 18 adults who do not stutter read nonwords under silent and overt conditions. Eye-tracking was used to measure dwell time, number of fixations, and response time. Adults who stutter demonstrated significantly more fixations and longer dwell times during overt reading than adults who do not stutter. In the silent condition, the adults who stutter produced more fixations on the nonwords than adults who do not stutter, but dwell-time differences were not found. Overt production may have resulted in additional requirements at the phonological and phonetic levels of encoding for adults who stutter. Direct measurement of eye-gaze fixation and dwell time suggests that adults who stutter require additional processing that could potentially delay or interfere with phonological-to-motor encoding.
口吃是一种多因素障碍，其特征是言语的正向流畅性受到干扰，据信这是由运动系统和语言系统的差异所导致的。几种关于口吃的心理语言学理论表明，语音编码延迟或中断会导致口吃言语。然而，在不控制言语运动系统参与的情况下，语音编码仍然难以测量。眼动追踪被认为是一种在控制言语产生影响的同时测量语音编码持续时间的可靠方法。18名口吃成年人和18名非口吃成年人在默读和出声条件下阅读非单词。眼动追踪用于测量注视时间、注视次数和反应时间。与非口吃成年人相比，口吃成年人在出声阅读时表现出明显更多的注视次数和更长的注视时间。在默读条件下，口吃成年人对非单词的注视次数比非口吃成年人更多，但未发现注视时间差异。出声阅读可能对口吃成年人在语音和音素编码层面产生了额外要求。对眼动注视和注视时间的直接测量表明，口吃成年人需要额外的处理过程，这可能会潜在地延迟或干扰从语音到运动的编码。
