Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Rakentajanaukio 4, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Jul 5;15(7):1414. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15071414.
Ventilation system design and operation may significantly affect indoor air quality (IAQ). The aims of this case study were to investigate the functionality of a supply air fan-assisted hybrid ventilation system in a newly built school building with reported IAQ problems and to determine the effects of ventilation improvement on measured and perceived IAQ. The ventilation system function was researched simultaneously with IAQ measurements, with an analysis of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), single volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and indoor mycobiota, and with questionnaires about perceived IAQ. At the baseline, an operational error of the ventilation system was found, which prevented the air from coming into the classrooms, except for short periods of high carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations. After the ventilation operation was improved, a significant change in indoor mycobiota was found; the dominant, opportunistic human pathogenic species found in settled dust in the classroom before the improvement was no longer detected. In addition, the concentrations of CO₂, TVOC, and some single VOCs, especially toluene and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, decreased. The analysis of the questionnaire results indicated that the perceptions of unpleasant odors and stuffy air decreased, although a statistically significant improvement in perceived IAQ was not observed. The results provided evidence that the properly controlled hybrid ventilation system operating in mechanical supply mode provided adequate ventilation and was effective in decreasing the concentrations of some indoor-generated pollutants. With simple ventilation adjustments, microbiological exposure from building structures might be prevented.
通风系统的设计和运行会显著影响室内空气质量（IAQ）。本案例研究的目的是调查在报告有室内空气质量问题的新建学校建筑中，送风风机辅助混合通风系统的功能，并确定通风改善对测量和感知的室内空气质量的影响。通风系统功能的研究与室内空气质量测量同时进行，分析总挥发性有机化合物（TVOC）、单挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）和室内真菌区系，并通过调查问卷了解感知的室内空气质量。在基线时，发现通风系统存在操作错误，这使得空气无法进入教室，除了二氧化碳（CO₂）浓度短暂升高的时期。改善通风操作后，室内真菌区系发生了显著变化；在改善之前，教室积尘中发现的优势、机会性人类致病物种不再被检测到。此外，CO₂、TVOC 和一些单 VOC 的浓度，尤其是甲苯和十甲基环五硅氧烷，有所降低。问卷调查结果的分析表明，难闻气味和闷空气的感觉有所减轻，尽管感知的室内空气质量没有观察到统计学上的显著改善。研究结果提供了证据，表明在机械送风模式下运行的适当控制的混合通风系统提供了足够的通风，并有效降低了一些室内产生的污染物的浓度。通过简单的通风调整，可能可以防止建筑结构产生的微生物暴露。
