Yang Yuanyuan, Krishna Karthik, Deshpande Payal, Ranganathan Vinodh, Jayaraman Vasanth, Wang Tianhao, Bei Kang, Krishnamurthy Hari
Vibrant America LLC, San Carlos, CA, USA.
Vibrant Sciences LLC, San Carlos, CA, USA.
Biomark Insights. 2018 Jun 18;13:1177271918782893. doi: 10.1177/1177271918782893. eCollection 2018.
There has been broad interest to explore the presence of autoimmunity among wheat-sensitive individuals, but neither the pathogenesis nor the relevance has been established. In this study, we evaluated the frequencies and levels of autoantibodies, which are important biomarkers of autoimmunity, in subjects with wheat-related disorders and controls. Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) and the specific ones against extractable nuclear antigens (ENA) were investigated.
A total of 713 subjects who showed symptoms related to wheat ingestion were addressed to Vibrant America Clinical Laboratory from December 2015 to November 2017. Serum samples were collected from all subjects and tested with a wheat protein antibody panel (IgG and IgA to 18 proteins at the peptide level) and an autoantibody panel (ANA by immunofluorescence analysis and 10 ENA antibodies). Retrospective analysis was completed using de-identified clinical data and test results.
In the retrospective analysis, 38 (5%) were seropositive in a Celiac Disease panel, 491 (83%) were seropositive in a wheat protein antibody panel "Wheat Zoomer," and 84 (12%) were seronegative in both panels. Anti-nuclear antibodies were detected in similar portions of the celiac disease subjects (13%), the Wheat Zoomer-positive subjects (12%), and seronegative controls (15%), which is also very close to the reported occurrence of ANA positivity (15%) in the healthy population. The prevalence of anti-ENA was reported to be less than 2% in the general population; however, our study found it to be much higher in the celiac disease subjects (29%) and the wheat-sensitive subjects (27%), compared with a smaller proportion of seronegative controls (19%). The prevalence of anti-histone was especially prominent among the celiac disease subjects (73%) and the Wheat Zoomer-positive subjects (60%).
High proportions of wheat-related disease subjects carry ENA antibodies that are important specific biomarkers of autoimmunity.
探索小麦敏感个体中自身免疫的存在情况已引发广泛关注，但发病机制及相关性均未明确。在本研究中，我们评估了自身免疫的重要生物标志物——自身抗体在患有小麦相关疾病的受试者及对照组中的频率和水平。研究了抗核抗体（ANA）及针对可提取核抗原（ENA）的特异性抗体。
2015年12月至2017年11月期间，共有713名出现与小麦摄入相关症状的受试者前往活力美国临床实验室。采集所有受试者的血清样本，并用小麦蛋白抗体检测板（针对18种肽水平蛋白质的IgG和IgA）及自身抗体检测板（通过免疫荧光分析检测ANA及10种ENA抗体）进行检测。使用去识别化的临床数据和检测结果完成回顾性分析。
在回顾性分析中，38名（5%）受试者在乳糜泻检测板中呈血清阳性，491名（83%）在小麦蛋白抗体检测板“小麦Zoomer”中呈血清阳性，84名（%)在两个检测板中均呈血清阴性。在乳糜泻受试者（13%）、“小麦Zoomer”阳性受试者（12%）及血清阴性对照组（15%）中，检测到抗核抗体的比例相似，这也与健康人群中报道的ANA阳性发生率（15%）非常接近。据报道，抗ENA在普通人群中的患病率低于2%；然而，我们的研究发现，与血清阴性对照组中较小比例（19%）相比，其在乳糜泻受试者（29%）和小麦敏感受试者（27%）中要高得多。抗组蛋白的患病率在乳糜泻受试者（73%）和“小麦Zoomer”阳性受试者（60%）中尤为突出。
高比例的小麦相关疾病受试者携带ENA抗体，而ENA抗体是自身免疫的重要特异性生物标志物。
