Bakker Ellen J M, Kox Jos H A M, Miedema Harald S, Bierma-Zeinstra Sita, Runhaar Jos, Boot Cécile R L, van der Beek Allard J, Roelofs Pepijn D D M
1Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Research Center Innovations in Care, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
2Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Center - Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
BMC Nurs. 2018 Jun 22;17:27. doi: 10.1186/s12912-018-0296-9. eCollection 2018.
The shortage of nursing professionals is of growing concern. The causes of this include the demanding physical and mental workload, leading to a dropout of nurses that may start during their education. However, it is unclear to what extent nursing students already perceive a physical and mental workload leading to health problems during their nursing education and placement, and to what extent these health problems cause students to dropout from nursing education. Very few prospective cohort studies have investigated protective and risk factors in relation to dropout and retention among nursing students.
Three cohorts of third-year nursing students will be followed for 2.5 years. Students will be enrolled from the Bachelor of Nursing program of the Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences. At baseline, students will receive a self-administered questionnaire. Primary outcome is dropout from nursing education and dropout from the nursing profession. Data on dropout from nursing education will be retrieved from the student administration on a yearly basis. Dropout from the nursing profession will be measured one year after graduation, using the self-reported questionnaire. Secondary outcomes are presenteeism and sick leave (during internship/work). In addition to student characteristics, the questionnaire asks about physical and mental internship/work characteristics, personal and behavioral factors, and experienced physical and mental burden.Main aims of this study are to determine: 1) the prevalence and incidence rates of dropout, 2) the protective and risk factors, and early indicators of dropout, and 3) the interaction between these factors and the indicators.
Data analysis of a large, prospective cohort study with regard to determinants of dropout and retention of nursing students and newly graduated nurses is in progress. Findings emerging from this study can be used to develop a predictive model to identify the first indicators of dropout from nursing education and nursing profession, for which targeted interventions can be deployed.
护理专业人员短缺问题日益受到关注。其原因包括身心工作负担过重，这可能导致护士在教育阶段就开始流失。然而，尚不清楚护理专业学生在护理教育和实习期间在多大程度上已经感知到导致健康问题的身心工作负担，以及这些健康问题在多大程度上导致学生退出护理教育。很少有前瞻性队列研究调查与护理专业学生辍学和留校相关的保护因素和风险因素。
将对三组三年级护理专业学生进行为期2.5年的跟踪研究。学生将从鹿特丹应用科学大学的护理学士学位课程中招募。在基线时，学生将收到一份自我管理的问卷。主要结局是退出护理教育和退出护理行业。每年将从学生管理系统中获取护理教育辍学数据。毕业一年后，使用自我报告问卷测量护理行业的辍学情况。次要结局是出勤主义和病假（实习/工作期间）。除了学生特征外，问卷还询问身心实习/工作特征、个人和行为因素以及经历的身心负担。本研究的主要目的是确定：1）辍学的患病率和发病率，2）保护因素和风险因素以及辍学的早期指标，3）这些因素与指标之间的相互作用。
一项关于护理专业学生和新毕业护士辍学和留校决定因素的大型前瞻性队列研究的数据分析正在进行中。本研究得出的结果可用于开发预测模型，以识别护理教育和护理行业辍学的首个指标，据此可部署有针对性的干预措施。
