Marcato Francesca, van den Brand Henry, Kemp Bas, van Reenen Kees
Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Animal Production Systems Group, Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Front Vet Sci. 2018 Jun 21;5:133. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00133. eCollection 2018.
Veal calves undergo many challenges in the early stages of their life. Such challenges, including mixing procedures and transportation of calves to the veal farm, may have a negative influence on growth rate, feed intake, metabolism, immunity and disease susceptibility of calves. As a consequence, many hematological, physiological, metabolic and immunological parameters of stressed calves might be altered on arrival at the veal farm. Some of these response variables might be useful as biomarkers of performance of calves at the veal farm as they might provide information about an ongoing disease process, or may predict future diseases. Biomarkers might be helpful to group and manage calves in different risk categories after arrival. By adopting treatment decisions and protocols on a risk-group or individual basis, it would be possible to improve animal health and reduce both disease incidence and antibiotic use. Moreover, the use of biomarkers might be an economically feasible approach as some of them do not need invasive techniques and others can be measured in blood already taken during routine checks. Previous literature mainly assessed the physiological responses of calves to transportation. However, information on the link between on-farm arrival data and future health and performance of veal calves is limited. This review, therefore, examined a wide range of papers and aimed to identify potential biomarkers of future health and performance.
犊牛在其生命的早期阶段面临许多挑战。这些挑战，包括犊牛的混群程序以及将犊牛运输到犊牛养殖场，可能会对犊牛的生长速度、采食量、新陈代谢、免疫力和疾病易感性产生负面影响。因此，应激犊牛到达犊牛养殖场时，其许多血液学、生理学、代谢和免疫学参数可能会发生改变。其中一些反应变量可能作为犊牛在犊牛养殖场生产性能的生物标志物，因为它们可能提供有关正在进行的疾病过程的信息，或者可能预测未来的疾病。生物标志物可能有助于在犊牛到达后对不同风险类别的犊牛进行分组和管理。通过基于风险组或个体制定治疗决策和方案，有可能改善动物健康状况并降低疾病发病率和抗生素使用量。此外，使用生物标志物可能是一种经济可行的方法，因为其中一些不需要侵入性技术，而其他一些可以在常规检查时采集的血液中进行测量。以往的文献主要评估犊牛对运输的生理反应。然而，关于农场到达数据与犊牛未来健康和生产性能之间联系的信息有限。因此，本综述查阅了大量论文，旨在确定未来健康和生产性能的潜在生物标志物。
