Iwasa Hajime, Yoshida Yuko
Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City, Japan.
Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Japan.
Gerontol Geriatr Med. 2018 Jun 13;4:2333721418781677. doi: 10.1177/2333721418781677. eCollection 2018 Jan-Dec.
For healthy longevity, according to the theoretical framework of "successful aging," it is not only essential to avoid disease and disability, and to keep high levels of mental and physical functioning, but also to engage with life. Thus, satisfactory leisure activity is important for the aged. We examined actual conditions of leisure activity among older adults in Japan, which can contribute to the development of a standardized leisure activity scale. Participants were 843 community-dwellers (390 men and 453 women, 70.5 ± 6.9 years old) who completed 58 draft leisure activity items. Three procedures (including item selection, factor analyses, and correlation analyses) were conducted to finalize the leisure activity list and evaluate its psychometric properties. Through item selection procedures, 15 items were regarded as inappropriate and were omitted from the analysis. The factor analyses resulted in an 11-factor solution with 43 items. Correlation analysis revealed that Factors 2 (social-public), 5 (social-private), 7 (technology use), 8 (travel), and 10 (developmental activity) had relationships with health outcomes (including functional capacity, social network, subjective well-being, and health literacy). A standardized leisure activity list among modern middle-aged and elderly people was developed, and was associated in part with health outcomes.
对于健康长寿而言，根据“成功老龄化”的理论框架，不仅要避免疾病和残疾，保持高水平的心理和身体机能，还要积极参与生活。因此，令人满意的休闲活动对老年人很重要。我们研究了日本老年人休闲活动的实际情况，这有助于制定标准化的休闲活动量表。参与者为843名社区居民（390名男性和453名女性，年龄70.5±6.9岁），他们完成了58项休闲活动初稿。进行了三个步骤（包括项目选择、因子分析和相关性分析）来确定休闲活动清单并评估其心理测量特性。通过项目选择程序，15项被认为不合适并从分析中剔除。因子分析得出了一个包含43个项目的11因子解决方案。相关性分析表明，因子2（社会公共）、5（社会私人）、7（技术使用）、8（旅行）和10（发展活动）与健康结果（包括功能能力、社会网络、主观幸福感和健康素养）有关。制定了一份现代中老年人标准化休闲活动清单，且该清单部分与健康结果相关。
