1Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science,College of Animal Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,People's Republic of China.
2Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics,Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,People's Republic of China.
Animal. 2019 Mar;13(3):533-541. doi: 10.1017/S1751731118001611. Epub 2018 Jul 9.
Recent studies indicate that early postnatal period is a critical window for gut microbiota manipulation to optimise the immunity and body growth. This study investigated the effects of maternal faecal microbiota orally administered to neonatal piglets after birth on growth performance, selected microbial populations, intestinal permeability and the development of intestinal mucosal immune system. In total, 12 litters of crossbred newborn piglets were selected in this study. Litter size was standardised to 10 piglets. On day 1, 10 piglets in each litter were randomly allotted to the faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and control groups. Piglets in the FMT group were orally administrated with 2ml faecal suspension of their nursing sow per day from the age of 1 to 3 days; piglets in the control group were treated with the same dose of a placebo (0.1M potassium phosphate buffer containing 10% glycerol (vol/vol)) inoculant. The experiment lasted 21 days. On days 7, 14 and 21, plasma and faecal samples were collected for the analysis of growth-related hormones and cytokines in plasma and lipocalin-2, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), selected microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in faeces. Faecal microbiota transplantation increased the average daily gain of piglets during week 3 and the whole experiment period. Compared with the control group, the FMT group had increased concentrations of plasma growth hormone and IGF-1 on days 14 and 21. Faecal microbiota transplantation also reduced the incidence of diarrhoea during weeks 1 and 3 and plasma concentrations of zonulin, endotoxin and diamine oxidase activities in piglets on days 7 and 14. The populations of Lactobacillus spp. and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and the concentrations of faecal and plasma acetate, butyrate and total SCFAs in FMT group were higher than those in the control group on day 21. Moreover, the FMT piglets have higher concentrations of plasma transforming growth factor-β and immunoglobulin G, and faecal sIgA than the control piglets on day 21. These findings indicate that early intervention with maternal faecal microbiota improves growth performance, decreases intestinal permeability, stimulates sIgA secretion, and modulates gut microbiota composition and metabolism in suckling piglets.
最近的研究表明，初生后早期是肠道微生物群操纵的关键窗口，可以优化免疫和身体生长。本研究调查了经口给予新生仔猪母体粪便微生物群后对生长性能、选定微生物群、肠道通透性和肠道黏膜免疫系统发育的影响。在这项研究中，选择了 12 窝杂交新生仔猪。每窝仔猪的窝产仔数标准化为 10 头。在第 1 天，每窝 10 头仔猪随机分为粪便微生物群移植（FMT）组和对照组。FMT 组仔猪从 1 日龄至 3 日龄每天口服 2ml 哺乳母猪粪便悬液；对照组仔猪用相同剂量的安慰剂（含 10%甘油的 0.1M 磷酸钾缓冲液（体积/体积））接种剂处理。实验持续 21 天。在第 7、14 和 21 天，收集血浆和粪便样本，分析血浆中与生长相关的激素和细胞因子、粪便中脂联素-2、分泌型免疫球蛋白 A（sIgA）、选定的微生物群和短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）。粪便微生物群移植增加了仔猪在第 3 周和整个实验期间的平均日增重。与对照组相比，FMT 组仔猪在第 14 天和第 21 天血浆生长激素和 IGF-1 浓度增加。粪便微生物群移植还降低了第 1 周和第 3 周仔猪腹泻的发生率以及第 7 天和第 14 天仔猪血浆中 zonulin、内毒素和二胺氧化酶活性的浓度。FMT 组仔猪粪便中乳酸杆菌属和普拉梭菌属的数量以及粪便和血浆中乙酸、丁酸和总 SCFA 的浓度在第 21 天均高于对照组。此外，与对照组仔猪相比，FMT 组仔猪在第 21 天血浆转化生长因子-β和免疫球蛋白 G 以及粪便 sIgA 的浓度更高。这些发现表明，早期干预母体粪便微生物群可改善生长性能，降低肠道通透性，刺激 sIgA 分泌，并调节哺乳期仔猪的肠道微生物群组成和代谢。
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