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An electron microscope must operate under vacuum which means that any observed biological specimen must be dry. When water is removed, however, the molecules stick to each other. J. Dubochet describes in his Nobel lecture the solution to this dilemma that paved the way to electron-cryo microscopy: suspension of the specimen in vitrifying water.

电子显微镜必须在真空环境下运行，这意味着任何被观察的生物样本都必须是干燥的。然而，当水分被去除时，分子会相互黏附。雅克·迪布歇在他的诺贝尔演讲中描述了这一困境的解决方案，该方案为电子冷冻显微镜技术铺平了道路：将样本悬浮在玻璃化水中。