Mayor F, Cuezva J M
Biol Neonate. 1985;48(4):185-96. doi: 10.1159/000242171.
A review of some hormonal and metabolic changes occurring during the four stages of the perinatal period is presented. Glucocorticoids and insulin are the hormones that mediate liver glycogen accumulation during late fetal stage. In the presuckling period, muscle glycogenolysis supplies the lactate moieties that are oxidized by the neonatal tissues, representing the alternative substrate until glucose and ketone bodies become available. The postnatal increase in plasma catecholamine concentrations and the decrease in the insulin/glucagon ratio triggers liver glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, and hence postnatal hypoglycemia is reversed. In the suckling period, the oxidation of fatty acids, ketone bodies utilization and active gluconeogenesis supply the bulk of the energy and carbon components required to support the rapid growth rate of this period. The increase in the insulin/glucagon ratio that occurs with the change to a carbohydrate-rich diet starts the induction of lipogenesis at weaning.
本文综述了围产期四个阶段发生的一些激素和代谢变化。糖皮质激素和胰岛素是在胎儿后期介导肝脏糖原积累的激素。在哺乳前期，肌肉糖原分解提供乳酸部分，被新生儿组织氧化，这是直到葡萄糖和酮体可用时的替代底物。出生后血浆儿茶酚胺浓度的增加和胰岛素/胰高血糖素比值的降低引发肝脏糖原分解和糖异生，从而逆转出生后低血糖。在哺乳期间，脂肪酸氧化、酮体利用和活跃的糖异生提供了支持此期快速生长所需的大部分能量和碳成分。随着饮食变为富含碳水化合物，胰岛素/胰高血糖素比值增加，在断奶时开始诱导脂肪生成。
