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椰枣树内生真菌作为生产多种生物活性代谢产物的真菌细胞工厂。

Date Palm Trees Root-Derived Endophytes as Fungal Cell Factories for Diverse Bioactive Metabolites.

机构信息

Faculty of Science, B.P. 1171, 3000, University of Sfax, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia.

Plant Protection Research Department, East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, 5153715898 Tabriz, Iran.

出版信息

Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Jul 7;19(7):1986. doi: 10.3390/ijms19071986.

Abstract

Endophytic fungi of healthy and brittle leaf diseased (BLD) date palm trees ( L.) represent a promising source of bioactive compounds with biomedical, industrial, and pharmaceutical applications. The fungal endophytes isolate TDPEF34, and isolate TDPEF20 from healthy and BLD date palm trees, respectively, proved very effective in confrontation assays against three pathogenic bacteria, including two Gram-positive bacteria () and (), and one Gram-negative bacterium (). They also inhibited the growth of three fungi sp. (), (), sp. (). Additionally, their volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were shown to be in part responsible for the inhibition of and and could account for the full inhibition of Fs. Therefore, we have explored their potential as fungal cell factories for bioactive metabolites production. Four extracts of each endophyte were prepared using different solvent polarities, ethanol (EtOH), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), hexane (Hex), and methanol (MetOH). Both endophyte species showed varying degrees of inhibition of the bacterial and fungal pathogens according to the solvent used. These results suggest a good relationship between fungal bioactivities and their produced secondary metabolites. Targeting the discovery of potential anti-diabetic, anti-hemolysis, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and cytotoxic activities, endophytic extracts showed promising results. The EtOAc extract of displayed IC value comparable to the positive control diclofenac sodium in the anti-inflammatory assays. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), β-carotene bleaching, reducing power (RP), and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonique) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. The findings revealed strong anti-oxidant power with an IC of 177.55 µg/mL for EtOAc extract using DPPH assay, probably due to high polyphenol and flavonoid content in both fungal extracts. Finally, LC-HRMS (Liquid Chromatography–High Resolution Mass Spectrometry) and GC-MS (Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry) analysis of and extracts revealed an impressive arsenal of compounds with previously reported biological activities, partly explaining the obtained results. Finally, LC-HRMS analysis indicated the presence of new fungal metabolites that have never been reported, which represent good candidates to follow for the discovery of new bioactive molecules.

摘要

健康和患脆性叶病(BLD)的枣椰树内生真菌是具有生物医学、工业和制药应用潜力的生物活性化合物的有希望的来源。从健康和 BLD 枣椰树中分别分离得到的内生真菌 TDPEF34 和 TDPEF20 对三种病原菌(两种革兰氏阳性菌 和 以及一种革兰氏阴性菌 )的对抗试验非常有效。它们还抑制了三种真菌 的生长,包括 sp. ()、 sp. ()和 sp. ()。此外,它们的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)部分负责抑制 和 ,并可能完全抑制 Fs 的生长。因此,我们已经探索了它们作为真菌细胞工厂生产生物活性代谢物的潜力。使用不同极性的溶剂(乙醇(EtOH)、乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)、正己烷(Hex)和甲醇(MetOH))从每种内生真菌中制备了四种提取物。根据所用溶剂,两种内生真菌物种对细菌和真菌病原体的抑制程度不同。这些结果表明真菌生物活性与其产生的次生代谢物之间存在良好的关系。针对发现潜在的抗糖尿病、抗溶血、抗炎、抗肥胖和细胞毒性活性,内生真菌提取物显示出有希望的结果。在抗炎试验中, 的 EtOAc 提取物的 IC 值与阳性对照双氯芬酸钠相当。抗氧化活性通过 α,α-二苯基-β- picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)、β-胡萝卜素漂白、还原能力(RP)和 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonique)(ABTS)自由基清除试验进行评估。结果表明, EtOAc 提取物在 DPPH 试验中具有很强的抗氧化能力,IC 为 177.55 µg/mL,这可能是由于两种真菌提取物中多酚和类黄酮含量高。最后,通过 LC-HRMS(液相色谱-高分辨率质谱)和 GC-MS(气相色谱-质谱)分析 和 提取物,发现了一系列具有先前报道生物活性的化合物,这部分解释了所获得的结果。最后,LC-HRMS 分析表明存在从未报道过的新真菌代谢物,它们是发现新生物活性分子的良好候选物。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/23b0/6073733/0c882e2ceb43/ijms-19-01986-g001.jpg

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